Long-Term Effects of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression Prevention Among University Students: Randomized Controlled Factorial Trial.

Background: Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) shows promise in the prevention of depression. However, the specific iCBT components that contribute to its effectiveness remain unclear.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the effects of iCBT components in preventing depression among university students.

The short and long-term efficacy of nurse-led interventions for improving blood pressure control in people with hypertension in primary care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Previous systematic reviews suggest that nurse-led interventions improve short-term blood pressure (BP) control for people with hypertension. However, the long-term effects, adverse events, and appropriate target BP level are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of nurse-led interventions.

Are the results of open randomised controlled trials comparing antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia biased? Exploratory meta- and subgroup analysis.

A recent meta-epidemiological study did not reveal major differences between the results of blinded and open randomised-controlled trials (RCTs). Fewer patients may consent to double-blind RCTs than to open RCTs, compromising generalisability, making this question very important. However, the issue has not been addressed in schizophrenia.

Pharmacological treatments in panic disorder in adults: a network meta-analysis.

Background: A panic attack is a discrete period of fear or anxiety that has a rapid onset and reaches a peak within 10 minutes. The main symptoms involve bodily systems, such as racing heart, chest pain, sweating, shaking, dizziness, flushing, churning stomach, faintness and breathlessness. Other recognised panic attack symptoms involve fearful cognitions, such as the fear of collapse, going mad or dying, and derealisation (the sensation that the world is unreal).

Three types of university students with subthreshold depression characterized by distinctive cognitive behavioral skills.

Subthreshold depression impairs young people's quality of life and places them at greater risk of developing major depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based approach for addressing such depressive states. This study identified subtypes of university students with subthreshold depression and revealed discrete profiles of five CBT skills: self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, assertive communication, and problem solving.

Twenty-year follow-up of promising clinical studies reported in highly circulated newspapers: a meta-epidemiological study.

Objectives: Researchers have identified cases in which newspaper stories have exaggerated the results of medical studies reported in original articles. Moreover, the exaggeration sometimes begins with journal articles. We examined what proportion of the studies quoted in newspaper stories were confirmed.

Four 2×2 factorial trials of smartphone CBT to reduce subthreshold depression and to prevent new depressive episodes among adults in the community-RESiLIENT trial (Resilience Enhancement with Smartphone in LIving ENvironmenTs): a master protocol.

Introduction: The health burden due to depression is ever increasing in the world. Prevention is a key to reducing this burden. Guided internet cognitive-behavioural therapies (iCBT) appear promising but there is room for improvement because we do not yet know which of various iCBT skills are more efficacious than others, and for whom.

Prognostic factors and effect modifiers for personalisation of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy among university students with subthreshold depression: A secondary analysis of a factorial trial.

Background: Internet-cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) for depression can include multiple components. This study explored depressive symptom improvement prognostic factors (PFs) and effect modifiers (EMs) for five common iCBT components including behavioural activation, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, self-monitoring, and assertion training.

Methods: We used data from a factorial trial of iCBT for subthreshold depression among Japanese university students (N = 1093).

Mood Stabilizers and Antipsychotics for Acute Mania: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Augmentation Therapy vs Monotherapy From the Perspective of Time to the Onset of Treatment Effects.

Background: Existing meta-analytic evidence on bipolar mania treatment has revealed that augmentation therapy (AUG) with antipsychotics and mood stabilizers is more effective than monotherapy. However, the speed of the onset of treatment effects and subsequent changes in risk/benefit are unclear.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases until January 2021.

Proportion attributable to contextual effects in general medicine: a meta-epidemiological study based on Cochrane reviews.

Objectives: Our objectives were to examine the magnitude of the proportion attributable to contextual effects (PCE), which shows what proportion of the treatment arm response can be achieved by the placebo arm across various interventions, and to examine PCE variability by outcome type and condition.

Design: We conducted a meta-epidemiological study.

Setting: We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews with the keyword 'placebo' in titles, abstracts and keywords on 1 January 2020.

Development and acceptability of a decision aid for major depressive disorder considering discontinuation of antidepressant treatment after remission.

Aim: While evidence-based antidepressant treatment is available for major depressive disorder, standard approaches for discontinuation of antidepressants after remission have not yet been established. Decision aids are structured clinical tools that facilitate shared decision-making between patients and healthcare providers. This study aimed to describe the development process and acceptability of decision aids for major depressive disorder following discontinuation of antidepressant treatment after remission.

Components of smartphone cognitive-behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression among 1093 university students: a factorial trial.

Background: Internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy (iCBT) is effective for subthreshold depression. However, which skills provided in iCBT packages are more effective than others is unclear. Such knowledge can inform construction of more effective and efficient iCBT programmes.

Psychosocial interventions for community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Despite the recent global mental health movement of the transition from hospital-centred to integrated community-based services, comprehensive evidence of psychosocial interventions focusing on community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia is still lacking. To overcome this gap in the current knowledge, we will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of all types of psychosocial interventions for community-dwelling (non-hospitalised) individuals with schizophrenia when compared with non-active control conditions (eg, treatment as usual).

Methods And Analysis: This study protocol has been developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines.

Unguided Computer-Assisted Self-Help Interventions Without Human Contact in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Computer-assisted treatment may reduce therapist contact and costs and promote client participation. This meta-analysis examined the efficacy and acceptability of an unguided computer-assisted therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with a waiting list or attention placebo.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and adherence of computer-assisted self-help treatment without human contact in patients with OCD using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.

Leveraging Longitudinal Lifelog Data Using Survival Models for Predicting Risk of Relapse among Patients with Depression in Remission.

Managing depression relapse is a challenge given factors such as inconsistent follow-up and cumbersome psychological distress evaluation methods which leaves patients with a high risk of relapse to leave their symptoms untreated. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we proposed an approach on the use of personal longitudinal lifelog activity data gathered from individual smartphones of patients in remission and maintenance therapy (N=87) to predict their risk of depression relapse. Through the use of survival models, we modeled the activity data as covariates to predict survival curves to determine if patients are at risk of relapse.

Initial treatment choices to achieve sustained response in major depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Major depression is often a relapsing disorder. It is therefore important to start its treatment with therapies that maximize the chance of not only getting the patients well but also keeping them well. We examined the associations between initial treatments and sustained response by conducting a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which adult patients with major depression were randomized to acute treatment with a psychotherapy (PSY), a protocolized antidepressant pharmacotherapy (PHA), their combination (COM), standard treatment in primary or secondary care (STD), or pill placebo, and were then followed up through a maintenance phase.

Sevoflurane in electroconvulsive therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Sevoflurane is the most commonly used inhaled anaesthetic in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The objective of this study was to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive review on how the use of sevoflurane affects seizure adequacy (seizure duration and postictal suppression index [PSI]) and circulatory dynamics in ECT. We performed a meta-analysis of RCTs that investigated seizure adequacy and circulatory dynamics in patients treated with ECT using sevoflurane (sevoflurane group) and intravenous anaesthetics (non-sevoflurane group).

Assessing recurrence of depression using a zero-inflated negative binomial model: A secondary analysis of lifelog data.

When studying recurrence of depression, researchers should pay attention to cases where physicians' assessment corresponds to the patients' perception. However, they should also focus on potential signs of recurrence when the recurrence is suspected by the physicians but not the patients (false-negative zeros). Because false negatives can delay diagnosis and treatment, we aimed to investigate "sitting idly" as a predictor influencing no alert sign of recurrence and estimated the counts of recurrence of depression.

Systematic differences in effect estimates between observational studies and randomized control trials in meta-analyses in nephrology.

The limited availability of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in nephrology undermines causal inferences in meta-analyses. Systematic reviews of observational studies have grown more common under such circumstances. We conducted systematic reviews of all comparative observational studies in nephrology from 2006 to 2016 to assess the trends in the past decade.