Evaluation of (Shared) Autonomy in Robot-Assisted Vitreoretinal Surgery Using a Surgical Model.

Background: Robot-assisted vitreoretinal surgery makes it easier for the surgeons to perform precise and dexterous manipulations required in vitreoretinal procedures.

Methods: We systematically evaluated manual surgery, conventional two-hand teleoperation, a novel one-hand teleoperation, and automation in a needle positioning task using a realistic surgical eye model, measuring the expert surgeon's performances and the novice's learning curves.

Results: The proposed one-hand teleoperation improved the positioning accuracy of expert surgeons , enabled novices to achieve a consistent accuracy more quickly , decreased the novice's workload more quickly , and made it easier for novices to learn to conduct the task quickly .

Sulfonylhydrazide Derivatives as Potential Anti-cancer Agents: Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Studies.

The synthesis of new agents for cancer treatment persists due to its global lethality. A series of thirteen derivatives, namely salicylic acid-5-sulfohydrazide (SA-SH) analogs, were designed and synthesized from 5-(chlorosulfonyl)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid via nucleophilic substitution reaction with different acid hydrazides, thiocarbohydrazide & thiosemicarbazide scaffolds. Confirmation of the designed derivative's structures employed various spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and NMR) and elemental analysis.

Postoperative vision loss due to bilateral vitreous hemorrhage after robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy: A case report.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral vitreous hemorrhage (VH) resulting in postoperative vision loss (POVL) after robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy in a 71-year-old female patient.

Observations: At initial presentation, best-corrected visual acuity was hand motion at 20 cm in the right eye and 20/666 in the left eye. VH in both eyes and preretinal hemorrhage in the left eye was observed.

Encircling continuous suture technique for the management of extensive traumatic cyclodialysis: A case report.

Purpose: To report a surgical technique of cyclopexy, wherein two laps of encircling continuous sutures are placed around the limbus to treat refractory extensive cyclodialysis.

Methods: Color fundus photography, swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the anterior segment, and spectral-domain OCT for the macula.

Results: Previous attempts, including indirect cyclopexy and direct external cyclopexy with gas injection, failed to successfully resolve the severe cyclodialysis and associated hypotonic maculopathy.

RECENT TRENDS IN THE CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE AND INTERVENTION PATTERNS OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN JAPAN: A Multicenter Analysis, 2011-2020.

Purpose: To investigate recent trends in the cumulative incidence and treatment patterns of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Japan.

Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort was conducted from 2011 to 2020 using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database. Preterm newborns with birth weight <2,500 g were categorized by birth weight.

Navigated direct photocoagulation with a 30-ms short-pulse laser for treating microaneurysms in diabetic macular edema exhibits a high closure rate.

This study carried out direct photocoagulation for treating microaneurysms (MAs) in diabetic macular edema (DME) using a navigation laser system with a 30-ms pulse duration. The MA closure rate after 3 months was investigated using pre and postoperative fluorescein angiography images. MAs primarily inside the edematous area based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) maps were selected for treatment, and leaking MAs (n = 1151) were analyzed in 11 eyes (eight patients).

Optical coherence tomography findings after surgery for sub-inner limiting membrane hemorrhage due to ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm.

Ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM) can cause sub-inner limiting membrane (ILM) hemorrhage, leading to acute vision loss in the elderly. Vitrectomy has been established as an effective treatment to remove hemorrhage and facilitate visual recovery. Although optical coherence tomography (OCT) is useful for the diagnosis of sub-ILM hemorrhage before surgery, little is known about the postoperative OCT findings.

Bionic eye system mimicking microfluidic structure and intraocular pressure for glaucoma surgery training.

Among increasing eye diseases, glaucoma may hurt the optic nerves and lead to vision loss, the treatment of which is to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). In this research, we introduce a new concept of the surgery simulator for Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS). The concept is comprised of an anterior eye model and a fluidic circulatory system.

A force measurement platform for a vitreoretinal surgical simulator using an artificial eye module integrated with a quartz crystal resonator.

To provide quantitative feedback on surgical progress to ophthalmologists practicing inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, we developed an artificial eye module comprising a quartz crystal resonator (QCR) force sensor and a strain body that serves as a uniform force transmitter beneath a retinal model. Although a sufficiently large initial force must be loaded onto the QCR force sensor assembly to achieve stable contact with the strain body, the highly sensitive and wide dynamic-range property of this sensor enables the eye module to detect the slight forceps contact force. A parallel-plate strain body is used to achieve a uniform force sensitivity over the 4-mm-diameter ILM peeling region.

Differential gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing: retinal pigment epithelial cells after exposure to continuous-wave and subthreshold micropulse laser.

Purpose: Subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) is more clinically efficient for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) than the conventional continuous-wave (CW) laser. We aimed to characterize transcriptome changes after the application of these lasers and to compare the transcripts.

Methods: Human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells were exposed to laser irradiation.

Combined effect of pulmonary rehabilitation and music therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[Purpose] We aimed to analyze parameters of pulmonary function and physiological, psychological, and physical factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and music therapy (MT). [Participants and Methods] This randomized crossover comparative study included in-patients diagnosed with COPD and a ratio of forced expiratory volume measured at the first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) of <70% after administration of a bronchodilator. Patients were randomly divided into two groups that received either PR only or MT and PR (n=13 each).

Changes in entropy on polarized-sensitive optical coherence tomography images after therapeutic subthreshold micropulse laser for diabetic macular edema: A pilot study.

Purpose: To investigate the dynamics of the healing process after therapeutic subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) for diabetic macular edema (DME) using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT).

Methods: Patients with treatment-native or previously-treated DME were prospectively imaged using PS-OCT at baseline, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. The following outcomes were evaluated: changes in the entropy value per unit area (pixel2) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) on the B-scan image; changes in the entropy value in each stratified layer (retina, RPE, choroid) based on the ETDRS grid circle overlaid with en face entropy mapping, not only the whole ETDRS grid area but also a sector irradiated by the SMPL; and the relationship between edema reduction and entropy changes.

SURFACE DOSE ESTIMATION BY A KAP METER FOR KILOVOLTAGE X-RAY BEAMS.

This study aims to estimate the entrance surface dose (ESD) of a water phantom for kilovoltage x-ray beams using an air kerma area product meter (KAP meter) equipped in an x-ray unit. The KAP meter was calibrated in terms of the ESD determined by a plane-parallel ionization chamber based on a 60Co absorbed dose-to-water calibration coefficient, ${N}_{D,w}^{{}^{60}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}}$. The ESD measured using the KAP meter was verified by comparing it with that estimated by the air kerma calibration coefficient, NK, for x-ray beam qualities.

Real-time estimation of surface dose based on incident air kerma in diagnostic radiology.

Purpose: To estimate the surface dose in diagnostic radiology in real time based on the relationship between the incident air kerma and the surface dose.

Methods: The air kerma for 20 X-ray beams with tube voltages of 50-140 kV and a half-value layer (HVL) of 2.27-9.

Surgical Treatment for a Full-Thickness Macular Hole That Developed on a Large Drusenoid Pigment Epithelial Detachment.

Full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can affect the same eyes in the older population. Previously reported phenotypes of AMD concurrent with FTMH include early/intermediate AMD and serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED). A 68-year-old woman presented to our clinic with decreased vision due to a cataract and a large drusenoid PED in both eyes.

Monte Carlo study of dosimetric impact of gadolinium contrast medium in transverse field MR-Linac system.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the dosimetric impact of gadolinium contrast medium (Gadovist) in a transverse MR-Linac system using Monte Carlo methods. The dose distributions were calculated using two heterogeneous multi-layer phantoms consisting of Gadovist, water, bone, and lung. The photon beam was irradiated with a filed size of 5 × 5 cm, and a transverse magnetic field of 0-3.

Determination of the surface dose of a water phantom using a semiconductor detector for diagnostic kilovoltage x-ray beams.

Purpose: To determine the surface dose of a water phantom using a semiconductor detector for diagnostic kilovoltage x-ray beams.

Methods: An AGMS-DM+ semiconductor detector was calibrated in terms of air kerma measured with an ionization chamber. Air kerma was measured for 20 x-ray beams with tube voltages of 50-140 kVp and a half-value layer (HVL) of 2.

Monte Carlo determination of a nanoDot OSLD response using quality index for diagnostic kilovoltage X-ray beams.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the energy response of an optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter known as nanoDot for diagnostic kilovoltage X-ray beams via Monte Carlo calculations.

Methods: The nanoDot response is calculated as a function of X-ray beam quality in free air and on a water phantom surface using Monte Carlo simulations. The X-ray fluence spectra are classified using the quality index (QI), which is defined as the ratio of the effective energy to the maximum energy of the photons.

More Accurate Diagnosis of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma Using a Combination of Diagnostic Test Results: A Prospective Observational Study.

Purpose: To establish diagnostic criteria for vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) using cytology and laboratory tests from vitreous samples: interleukin (IL)-10/IL-6 ratio, immunoglobulin (Ig) H gene rearrangement, and clonal B-cells on flow cytometry.

Methods: Fifty-six patients with and 39 without VRL were included. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of each test and those of diagnostic criteria based on combinations of these tests.

Energy response of radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter for diagnostic kilovoltage x-ray beams.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the energy response of a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RGD) for diagnostic kilovoltage x-ray beams by Monte Carlo (MC) calculations and measurements.

Methods: The uniformity and reproducibility of GD-352M (with Sn filter) and GD-302M (no filter) were tested with 45 RGDs in free air. Subsequently, the RGD response was obtained as a function of an Al-HVL using the parameter, quality index (QI), which is defined as the ratio of the effective energy (keV) to the maximum energy (keV) of the photons.

Fovea-Sparing as Opposed to Total Peeling of Internal Limiting Membrane for Myopic Foveoschisis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Topic: The effectiveness of fovea-sparing (FS) peeling of internal limiting membrane (ILM) to treat myopic foveoschisis (MF) has not been understood fully. The present meta-analysis aimed to compare postoperative visual and anatomic outcomes between FS peeling and total peeling (TP) of ILM in pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of MF.

Clinical Relevance: Postoperative macular hole (MH) development is not uncommon and is a serious complication after surgery for MF, with poor visual prognosis.

Indices for the evaluation of glandular dose heterogeneity in full-field digital mammography.

This study aims to evaluate the indices of glandular dose heterogeneity in full-field digital mammography. The distributions of GD in a breast phantom with a skin layer of 4 mm were determined using the Monte Carlo method with simulated x-ray fluence spectra. First, the GD to air kerma (GD/) volume histogram was obtained from the GD distributions, which were indicated by the glandular volume (%) as a function of GD/.

Impact of lung density on isolated lung tumor dose in VMAT using inline MR-Linac.

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of lung density on the isolated lung tumor dose for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in an inline magnetic resonance linear accelerator (MR-Linac) using the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation.

Methods: CT images of the thorax phantoms with lung tumors of 1, 2, and 3 cm diameters were converted into voxel-base phantoms with lung densities of 0.1, 0.

Continued smoking and posterior vitreous adhesion in the elderly evaluated on swept-source optical coherence tomography.

In this cross-sectional study including 1150 eyes of 681 volunteers ≧ 65 years old without retinal pathology, factors affecting the progression of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) were investigated. PVD stages were diagnosed based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Linear mixed effect model was used to determine whether age, gender, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), dyslipidemia (DL), and smoking status were associated with various stages of PVD.