Immunoglobulin VDJ repertoires reveal hallmarks of germinal centers in unique cell clusters isolated from zebrafish () lymphoid tissues.

DNA mutagenesis during antibody affinity maturation has potentially oncogenic or autoimmune outcomes if not tightly controlled as it is in mammalian germinal centers. Cold blooded vertebrates lack germinal centers, yet have a functional Ig gene mutator enzyme, Aicda. In fish there are clusters of Aicda cells encircled by pigmented 'melano-macrophages' and we test the hypothesis that these clusters are functionally analogous to germinal centers.

Virus detection using nanoparticles and deep neural network-enabled smartphone system.

Emerging and reemerging infections present an ever-increasing challenge to global health. Here, we report a nanoparticle-enabled smartphone (NES) system for rapid and sensitive virus detection. The virus is captured on a microchip and labeled with specifically designed platinum nanoprobes to induce gas bubble formation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.