An Observation of a Very High Swelling of Bromovirus Members at Specific Ionic Strengths and pH.

(CCMV) and (BMV) are naked plant viruses with similar characteristics; both form a T = 3 icosahedral protein capsid and are members of the family. It is well known that these viruses completely disassemble and liberate their genome at a pH around 7.2 and 1 M ionic strength.

Solar heterogeneous photo-Fenton for complete inactivation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in secondary-treated wastewater effluent.

In this work, complete elimination of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium was achieved in 120 min using a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process under sunlight at pH 6.5 in distilled water. A face-centered composite central design 2 with one categoric factor and three replicates at the central point was used to evaluate the effect of iron (III) oxide concentration (0.

Revealing the contribution of astrocytes to glutamatergic neuronal transmission.

Research on glutamatergic neurotransmission has focused mainly on the function of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, leaving astrocytes with a secondary role only to ensure successful neurotransmission. However, recent evidence indicates that astrocytes contribute actively and even regulate neuronal transmission at different levels. This review establishes a framework by comparing glutamatergic components between neurons and astrocytes to examine how astrocytes modulate or otherwise influence neuronal transmission.

Amaranth calcium oxalate crystals are associated with chloroplast structures and proteins.

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in plants are formed in crystal idioblasts cells and have specific geometric shapes. Their proposed functions include calcium homeostasis and carbon source, among others. Amaranth is a plant that presents high tolerance to abiotic stresses and accumulates considerable amounts of CaOx crystals; however, few studies have focused on characterizing the crystals ultrastructure and none is related to identifying proteins bound to them.

Ontogenetical development of branchial chambers of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) and their involvement in osmoregulation: ionocytes and Na/K-ATPase.

Branchial chambers constitute the main osmoregulatory site in almost all decapod crustaceans. However, few studies have been devoted to elucidate the cellular function of specific cells in every osmoregulatory structure of the branchial chambers. In decapod crustaceans, it is well-known that the osmoregulatory function is localized in specific structures that progressively specialize from early developmental stages while specific molecular mechanisms occur.

Method for CaOx crystals isolation from plant leaves.

Although calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are present in many plants they are poorly studied. A possible limitation is the lack of methods for CaOx crystals isolation at high concentration and high purity, which is required for the analysis of their associated biomolecules such as proteins. To our knowledge, there are only four works that have isolated proteins from CaOx crystals.

Sequence analysis and confirmation of the type IV pili-associated proteins PilY1, PilW and PilV in Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans.

Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans is an acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic bacterium widely used in the mining industry due to its metabolic sulfur-oxidizing capability. The biooxidation of sulfide minerals is enhanced through the attachment of At. thiooxidans cells to the mineral surface.

First description of extrafloral nectaries in Opuntia robusta (Cactaceae): Anatomy and ultrastructure.

To our knowledge, there are no studies about the structure and ecological function of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in Opuntia robusta. This is the first description of EFNs in O. robusta, where young spines have an interesting structure and a secreting function, which are different from EFNs described in other Cactaceae species.

Changes in Angiotensin Receptor Distribution and in Aortic Morphology Are Associated with Blood Pressure Control in Aged Metabolic Syndrome Rats.

The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in blood pressure regulation in MS during aging is unknown. It participates in metabolic syndrome (MS) and aging regulating vascular tone and remodeling. RAS might participate in a compensatory mechanism decreasing blood pressure and allowing MS rats to reach 18 months of age and it might form part of therapeutical procedures to ameliorate MS.

Candida glabrata binds to glycosylated and lectinic receptors on the coronary endothelial luminal membrane and inhibits flow sense and cardiac responses to agonists.

Candida glabrata (CG) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that initiates infection by binding to host cells via specific lectin-like adhesin proteins. We have previously shown the importance of lectin-oligosaccharide binding in cardiac responses to flow and agonists. Because of the lectinic-oligosaccharide nature of CG binding, we tested the ability of CG to alter the agonist- and flow-induced changes in cardiac function in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts.

Expression vectors for C-terminal fusions with fluorescent proteins and epitope tags in Candida glabrata.

Candida glabrata is a haploid yeast considered the second most common of the Candida species found in nosocomial infections, accounting for approximately 18% of candidemias worldwide. Even though molecular biology methods are easily adapted to study this organism, there are not enough vectors that will allow probing the transcriptional and translational activity of any gene of interest in C. glabrata.

Arabidopsis type I proton-pumping pyrophosphatase expresses strongly in phloem, where it is required for pyrophosphate metabolism and photosynthate partitioning.

Phloem loading is a critical process in plant physiology. The potential of regulating the translocation of photoassimilates from source to sink tissues represents an opportunity to increase crop yield. Pyrophosphate homeostasis is crucial for normal phloem function in apoplasmic loaders.

Plasma membrane localization of the type I H(+)-PPase AVP1 in sieve element-companion cell complexes from Arabidopsis thaliana.

Previous literature has shown the presence of a plasma membrane (PM) localized type I H(+)-PPase in sieve elements of Ricinus communis. Unfortunately, the physiological relevance of these findings remains obscure due to the lack of genetic and molecular reagents to study R. communis.

The KlSTE2 and KlSTE3 genes encode MATalpha- and MATa-specific G-protein-coupled receptors, respectively, which are required for mating of Kluyveromyces lactis haploid cells.

Mating in yeast is initiated by binding of pheromone to G-protein-coupled receptors expressed in haploid cells. We analysed the role of KlSte2p and KlSte3p receptors in the Kluyveromyces lactis mating pathway. By sequence analysis, KlSte2p and KlSte3p are the homologues of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-pheromone and a-pheromone receptors, respectively.