Effects of adolescent nicotine and SR 147778 (Surinabant) administration on food intake, somatic growth and metabolic parameters in rats.

Tobacco smoking and obesity are worldwide important health problems with a growing impact in adolescent and young adults. One of the consequences of nicotine withdrawal is an increase in body weight that can act as a risk factor to relapse. Experimental therapies with a cannabinoid receptor antagonist have been recently proposed for both cigarette smoking and complicated overweight.

A simple method for the estimation of recombination frequencies and genetic distances.

We have developed an alternative approach to the maximum likelihood method for calculating recombination values and linkage intensities. This new method is simpler than those in current use in that it obviates the need for formulae and tables. Maximum likelihood methods imply the use of iterative procedures over highly complicated estimation equations (at least second degree polynomials), whereas simplified methods use single-step procedures involving simple linear equations.

Comparing analysis methods for mutation-accumulation data: a simulation study.

We simulated single-generation data for a fitness trait in mutation-accumulation (MA) experiments, and we compared three methods of analysis. Bateman-Mukai (BM) and maximum likelihood (ML) need information on both the MA lines and control lines, while minimum distance (MD) can be applied with or without the control. Both MD and ML assume gamma-distributed mutational effects.