Correction to: A consensus response on the complete picture: reply to Lynøe and Eriksson.

The original version on this paper contained an error. The COI statement is incorrectly presented.

Consensus statement on abusive head trauma in infants and young children.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the leading cause of fatal head injuries in children younger than 2 years. A multidisciplinary team bases this diagnosis on history, physical examination, imaging and laboratory findings. Because the etiology of the injury is multifactorial (shaking, shaking and impact, impact, etc.

Macrocephaly in infancy: benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces and subdural collections.

OBJECTIVE Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces (BESS) is a common finding on imaging studies indicated by macrocephaly in infancy. This finding has been associated with the presence of subdural fluid collections that are sometimes construed as suggestive of abusive head injury. The prevalence of BESS among infants with macrocephaly and the prevalence of subdural collections among infants with BESS are both poorly defined.

Intracranial venous drainage through spinal veins.

There is extensive collateral networking at the craniocervical junction with a substantial anatomical and functional continuity between the veins, venous sinuses, and venous plexuses of the brain and spine. The predominant pathway for intracranial blood outflow may depend on the level and degree of obstruction. We are presenting an unusual case of predominant egress of intracranial blood through enlarged spinal canal venous collaterals due to thrombosis of the intracranial venous sinuses.

Prevalence of persistent falcine sinus as an incidental finding in the pediatric population.

Objective: Persistence of the embryologic falcine sinus can be a congenital or acquired phenomenon related to a defect of the straight sinus. Previous studies have stated that it is rare for the falcine sinus to persist without an additional abnormality of the brain such as a vein of Galen malformation or venous sinus thrombosis. The purpose of this article is to show that persistent falcine sinus is not an uncommon isolated finding in the pediatric population.

Radiological features of azygous vein aneurysm.

Mediastinal masses are most commonly associated with malignancy. Azygous vein aneurysm is a very rare differential diagnosis of mediastinal mass. We report here three cases of azygous vein aneurysm including children and adult patients.

Radiological features of horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis. An 'Aunt Minnie' diagnosis?

Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital absence of normal horizontal eye movements and progressive scoliosis through childhood and adolescence. The characteristic radiological features in HGPPS are butterfly configuration of the medulla, split pons sign, selective volume loss of dorsomedial brainstem, relatively spared cerebellum, relatively prominent inferior olivary nucleus and absent posterior prominence of the facial colliculi and gracilis and cuneate nuclei. These radiological features are reflective of ROBO3 gene mutation required for hindbrain axon midline crossing.

Spinal subdural hemorrhage in abusive head trauma: a retrospective study.

Purpose: To compare the relative incidence, distribution, and radiologic characteristics of spinal subdural hemorrhage after abusive head trauma versus that after accidental trauma in children.

Materials And Methods: This study received prior approval from the Human Subjects Protection Office. Informed consent was waived.

Blount disease in a case of Prader-Willi syndrome: why is it not as prevalent as in obesity without Prader-Willi syndrome?

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder causing multisystem abnormalities with obesity. Obesity is a well established cause of Blount disease.

Methods: A 7-year-old girl with PWS presented with genu varum of the left knee with deformity of the proximal medial tibial condyle, which was consistent with Blount disease.

Accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient value measurement on PACS workstation: A comparative analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements made with a PACS workstation compared with measurements made with a dedicated workstation, which is currently considered the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed in liver lesions from 79 patients using three MRI platforms. The final diagnosis was established by liver biopsy in 31 patients and by dynamic MRI and follow-up, both clinical and radiologic as indicated, in 48 patients.

Imaging findings in spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage in patient with hemophilia A: an unusual cause for back pain.

Back pain and presentation with spinal canal hemorrhage in hemophilia is not common; however, these are significant clinical issues and may lead to significant neurological issues and morbidity. We present an interesting case of severe back pain in a young patient with moderate hemophilia A. Imaging confirmed subarachnoid hemorrhage in the spinal canal without intracranial hemorrhage.

Occipital sutures and its variations: the value of 3D-CT and how to differentiate it from fractures using 3D-CT?

The anatomy and embryology of occipital bone are complex and may present with a varied ossification pattern and masquerade as fractures. There are only a few articles in the literature and none on CT appearance of occiput ossification and sutures. Awareness of the normal and variant anatomy, appearance and position along with age of fusion of sutures will be helpful in confidently differentiating variant suture from fracture.

Precalcaneal congenital soft-tissue lesions in children: A case report of fibrous hamartoma of infancy and an approach to differential diagnosis.

Precalcaneal soft-tissue lesions are uncommon in the pediatric population and can present a diagnostic challenge. Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) is relatively rare in this location. We report an interesting case of FHI in a 3-years-and-10-months-old boy in the precalcaneal location that was present since birth.

Tethered cord, corpus callosum abnormalities, and periventricular cysts in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Report of two cases and review of the literature.

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (4p-) is a rare disorder with characteristic physical findings. Neuroimaging findings are relatively scarce. We performed a literature search and found 22 reports of neuroimaging findings.