Intracoronary adenosine compared with adrenaline and verapamil in the treatment of no-reflow phenomenon following primary PCI in STEMI patients.

Background: no-reflow can complicate up to 25% of pPCI and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to compare the outcomes of intracoronary epinephrine and verapamil with intracoronary adenosine in the treatment of no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).

Methods: 108 STEMI patients had no-reflow during pPCI were assigned into four groups.

The Management of Preeclampsia: A Comprehensive Review of Current Practices and Future Directions.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a disease in pregnancy that is characterized by new-onset hypertension end-organ dysfunction, often occurring after 20 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include a prior history of PE, diabetes, kidney disease, obesity, and high maternal age at pregnancy. Current treatment and management guidelines focus on the management of high blood pressure and any potential complications.

Toward a human brain extracellular vesicle atlas: Characteristics of extracellular vesicles from different brain regions, including small RNA and protein profiles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and play roles in regulating physiological and pathological functions. Although brain-derived EVs (bdEVs) have been successfully collected from brain tissue, there is not yet a "bdEV Atlas" of EVs from different brain regions. To address this gap, we separated EVs from eight anatomical brain regions of a single individual and subsequently characterized them by count, size, morphology, and protein and RNA content.

Association Between Mode of Delivery and Postpartum Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia.

Background This study was conducted to explore the association between postpartum depression (PPD) and mode of delivery in pregnant women. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the western region of Saudi Arabia, among 173 women from the general population who met the inclusion criteria and participated in the study from April to September 2022. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess PPD.

Peritoneal inclusion cysts in an adolescent female: A case report and review of the literature.

Several studies have shown that most peritoneal inclusion cysts (PIC) cases occur almost exclusively in women of childbearing age and patients who have had abdominal or pelvic surgery. We report a case of PIC diagnosed in a 19 years old single adolescent female with chronic pelvic pain and secondary amenorrhea with no prior history of abdominal surgery. A multilocular abnormality in the pelvis and a septated pelvic fluid encompassing the ovaries and extending to the right iliac fossa was revealed by ultrasound images and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), respectively.

Towards a human brain EV atlas: Characteristics of EVs from different brain regions, including small RNA and protein profiles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and play roles in regulating physiological and pathological functions. Although brain-derived EVs (bdEVs) have been successfully collected from brain tissue, there is not yet a "bdEV atlas" of EVs from different brain regions. To address this gap, we separated EVs from eight anatomical brain regions of a single individual and subsequently characterized them by count, size, morphology, and protein and RNA content.

Exosomes, microvesicles, and other extracellular vesicles-a Keystone Symposia report.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, lipid-bilayer-bound particles released by cells that can contain important bioactive molecules, including lipids, RNAs, and proteins. Once released in the extracellular environment, EVs can act as messengers locally as well as to distant tissues to coordinate tissue homeostasis and systemic responses. There is a growing interest in not only understanding the physiology of EVs as signaling particles but also leveraging them as minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers (e.

Relationships of Genotypes With Small RNA and Protein Cargo of Brain Tissue Extracellular Vesicles From Patients With Late-Stage AD.

Background And Objectives: Variants of the apolipoprotein E gene are the greatest known risk factors for sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD). Three major isoform alleles, , and , encode and produce proteins that differ by only 1-2 amino acids but have different binding partner interactions. Whereas is protective against AD relative to is associated with an increased risk for AD development.

Brain Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's Disease Display Altered Key Protein Levels Including Cell Type-Specific Markers.

Background: Brain tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (bdEVs) play neurodegenerative and protective roles, including in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may also leave the brain to betray the state of the CNS in the periphery. Only a few studies have profiled the proteome of bdEVs and source brain tissue.

Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 inhibition attenuates extracellular vesicle release and improves neurobehavioral deficits in murine HIV.

People living with HIV (PLH) have significantly higher rates of cognitive impairment (CI) and major depressive disorder (MDD) versus the general population. The enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) is involved in the biogenesis of ceramide and extracellular vesicles (EVs), both of which are dysregulated in PLH, CI, and MDD. Here we evaluated EcoHIV-infected mice for behavioral abnormalities relevant to depression and cognition deficits, and assessed the behavioral and biochemical effects of nSMase2 inhibition.

Characterization of extracellular vesicles and synthetic nanoparticles with four orthogonal single-particle analysis platforms.

We compared four orthogonal technologies for sizing, counting, and phenotyping of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and synthetic particles. The platforms were: single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensing (SP-IRIS) with fluorescence, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) with fluorescence, microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS), and nanoflow cytometry measurement (NFCM). EVs from the human T lymphocyte line H9 (high CD81, low CD63) and the promonocytic line U937 (low CD81, high CD63) were separated from culture conditioned medium (CCM) by differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) or a combination of ultrafiltration (UF) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blot (WB).

Isolation of microglia-derived extracellular vesicles: towards miRNA signatures and neuroprotection.

The functional preservation of the central nervous system (CNS) is based on the neuronal plasticity and survival. In this context, the neuroinflammatory state plays a key role and involves the microglial cells, the CNS-resident macrophages. In order to better understand the microglial contribution to the neuroprotection, microglia-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated and molecularly characterized to be then studied in neurite outgrowth assays.

Venous Thromboembolism and Sarcoidosis: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Several studies have described an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism in inflammatory conditions such as sarcoidosis. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 27-year-old African-American man who developed sarcoidosis with pulmonary involvement after 4 years of unexplained thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS This report discusses the relationship between sarcoidosis and venous thromboembolism.

Proteomic characterisation of leech microglia extracellular vesicles (EVs): comparison between differential ultracentrifugation and Optiprep™ density gradient isolation.

In Mammals, microglial cells are considered as the resident immune cells in central nervous system (CNS). Many studies demonstrated that, after injury, these cells are activated and recruited at the lesion site. Leech microglia present a similar pattern of microglial activation and migration upon experimental lesion of CNS.

ALK4/5-dependent TGF-β signaling contributes to the crosstalk between neurons and microglia following axonal lesion.

Neuronal activity is closely influenced by glia, especially microglia which are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia in medicinal leech are the only cells able to migrate to the injury site within the 24 hours post-lesion. The microglia-neuron interactions constitute an important mechanism as there is neither astrocyte nor oligodendrocyte in the leech CNS.

Nonresolving pneumonia in the setting of malignancy.

Purpose Of Review: This article reviews recent literature and experience in the diagnosis of nonresolving and slowly resolving pneumonia as it pertains to malignancy.

Recent Findings: Malignancy must be considered as an important cause of pneumonia that resolves slowly or has incomplete resolution. Airway obstruction is more common than malignant infiltration as a cause of pneumonia that does not resolve appropriately.

Medicinal Leech CNS as a Model for Exosome Studies in the Crosstalk between Microglia and Neurons.

In healthy or pathological brains, the neuroinflammatory state is supported by a strong communication involving microglia and neurons. Recent studies indicate that extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, play a key role in the physiological interactions between cells allowing central nervous system (CNS) development and/or integrity. The present report used medicinal leech CNS to investigate microglia/neuron crosstalk from ex vivo approaches as well as primary cultures.

Generalized Lymphadenopathy as Presenting Feature of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Lymphadenopathy could represent a vast spectrum of etiologies including infectious and non-infectious diseases. Besides proper history taking, physical examination, and laboratory investigations, a tissue diagnosis is often necessary to unmask the cause of generalized lymphadenopathy. Here we present a 23-year-old woman who was admitted for diffuse generalized lymphadenopathy, fatigue, malaise, weight loss, nausea, and bilateral lower extremity edema.

Efficacy and Safety of Local Intracoronary Drug Delivery in Treatment of No-Reflow Phenomenon: A Pilot Study.

Background: Successful reopening of epicardial coronary artery does not always mean optimal myocardial reperfusion in a sizable portion of patients, mostly because of no-reflow phenomenon.

Objectives: We investigated whether local injection of adrenaline ± verapamil in the distal coronary bed is more effective than their intracoronary (IC) injection through the guiding catheter in the treatment of no-reflow phenomenon following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: A total of 40 patients with no-reflow following PCI were randomized into two groups.

The Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS): an instant physiological prognostic indicator of poor outcome in acute pancreatitis.

Context: The Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) is a bedside scoring system that is non-invasive, simple and repeatable to reflect dynamic changes in physiological state.

Objective: This study aims to assess accuracy of MEWS and determine an optimal MEWS value in predicting severity in acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods: A prospective database of consecutive admissions with AP to a single institution was analysed to determine value of MEWS in identifying severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and predicting poor outcome.

The prognostic value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in acute pancreatitis: identification of an optimal NLR.

Introduction: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), calculated from the white cell differential count, provides a rapid indication of the extent of an inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the NLR in acute pancreatitis (AP) and determine an optimal ratio for severity prediction.

Materials And Methods: NLRs were calculated on days 0, 1, and 2, and correlated with severity.