Two cases of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in metastatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is rarely associated with cholangiocarcinoma (CC), and represents dismal prognosis. A 63-year-old male was admitted for evaluation of an intrahepatic mass. He was diagnosed with HHM associated with locally advanced CC.

Partial virological response to adefovir add-on lamivudine rescue therapy in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B.

Background/aims: In patients with lamivudine (LAM)-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving adefovir (ADV) add-on LAM therapy, insufficient viral suppression or the appearance of additional ADV resistance has remained unresolved. This study determined the partial virological response (PVR) criteria to predict a virological response (VR) at week 96 in these patients.

Methods: 96 patients with LAM-resistant CHB (ADV add-on LAM therapy >2 years) were analyzed.

Electronic resources for surgical anatomy.

Background: Numerous electronic resources are now available to assist students studying anatomy in medicine, dentistry and allied health sciences. Few studies have evaluated these in detail, and there is little guidance as to which are most suitable for the surgical trainee. The aim of this review was to determine which of the currently available electronic resources are most suitable for learning surgically relevant anatomy.