Support for Neurodivergent Students in Veterinary Education Part 1: Current Practice and Roundtable Discussion of Recommendations.

Approximately 10% of undergraduate student populations are neurodivergent. Such students have differences in executive functioning and social communication skills, which can confer both strengths and challenges in the academic environment. Specific challenges presenting in the veterinary curriculum include the intense workload, unpredictable nature of work, and high level of interpersonal and communication skills required in clinical settings.

Equine Melanoma Updates.

Melanomas are very common in older gray horses, with 80% of gray horses having at least 1 melanoma by 15 years of age. Historically considered a benign disease, it is now known that up to 66% of lesions will eventually metastasize. Melanomas may also cause local problems due to abscessation, ulceration, and interference with function of the affected areas.

What Is the Evidence Behind Sarcoid Treatments?

Despite the ubiquitous nature of sarcoids, robust data regarding the selection of treatment modalities are scarce, with many treatments having little or no published data to support their use. Treatment options are numerous and vary with the location and type of sarcoid, treatment accessibility, and the financial status of the owner. Many treatments are expensive and time-consuming, and some have health and safety implications.

Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Horses: An Update of the Aetiopathogenesis and Treatment Options.

Squamous cell carcinomas are a very common tumor type in horses, and are found in a variety of dermatologic and non-dermatologic locations. Metastasis is common, even at the first presentation of the disease, and a full staging workup is therefore strongly recommended to direct treatment and assist with prognostication. Wide surgical excision remains the treatment of choice in most cases, but recurrence is common, and adjunctive therapy may be indicated to improve the long-term prognosis.

Management of equine sarcoids.

Sarcoids are the most common cutaneous neoplasm of the horse, arising as a result of a neoplastic proliferation of fibroblasts associated with infection with bovine papillomavirus, most notably types 1 and 2. Although they do not metastasise, they are locally invasive and aggressive, and can lead to important welfare concerns, interfere with tack and therefore impede athleticism, and undoubtedly lead to a reduction in the value of affected horses. This review discusses the evidence behind the most commonly used treatments for equine sarcoids.

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Wound management in the horse.

Background: There are currently no evidence summaries on wounds in the horse.

Objectives: To develop evidence-based guidelines on wound management in the horse.

Study Design: Evidence review using the GRADE framework.

Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of medetomidine constant rate infusion compared with detomidine for standing sedation in horses.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of a medetomidine constant rate infusion (CRI) with a detomidine CRI for standing sedation in horses undergoing high dose rate brachytherapy.

Study Design: Randomized, controlled, crossover, blinded clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 50 horses with owner consent, excluding stallions.

Computed tomographic dimensions of the normal adult equine eye.

There are limited data on whether the dimensions of the equine eye and its internal structures change with bodyweight in horses. The aim of this study was to identify whether the size of the equine eye and its individual structures varied in a predictable manner with bodyweight, and to examine the reliability of computed tomography (CT) scans in the measurement of the equine eye. Ninety horses which had undergone CT examination of the head for non-ocular disease were included.

MicroRNAs in equine veterinary science.

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that play a pivotal role in diverse cellular processes through post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The dysregulation of specific microRNAs is associated with disease development and progression. In this review, we summarise how microRNAs modulate gene expression, and explain microRNA nomenclature.

Right dorsal colon resection and bypass for treatment of right dorsal colitis in a horse.

Objective: To describe a novel surgical technique for management of right dorsal colitis in the horse.

Study Design: Clinical report.

Animals: 14-year-old Warmblood gelding.

A non-invasive technique for standing surgical repair of urinary bladder rupture in a post-partum mare: a case report.

An 11-year-old mare presented 36 hours after foaling with a ruptured bladder. Uroperitoneum was diagnosed on ultrasound and from the creatinine concentration of the peritoneal fluid. Bladder endoscopy demonstrated tissue necrosis and a rent in the dorsocranial aspect of the bladder.

Blood glucose concentrations in critically ill neonatal foals.

Reasons For Performing Study: Critical illness is associated with hyperglycemia in humans, and a greater degree and duration of hyperglycemia is associated with nonsurvival. Hypoglycemia is also seen in critically ill humans, and is associated with nonsurvival. This might also be true in the critically ill foal.

Effects of norepinephrine and combined norepinephrine and fenoldopam infusion on systemic hemodynamics and indices of renal function in normotensive neonatal foals.

Background: Norepinephrine increases arterial blood pressure but may have adverse effects on renal blood flow. Fenoldopam, a dopamine-1 receptor agonist, increases urine output in normotensive foals. The combination of norepinephrine and fenoldopam may lead to improved renal perfusion compared with an infusion of norepinephrine alone.

Comparison of the Accu-Chek Aviva point-of-care glucometer with blood gas and laboratory methods of analysis of glucose measurement in equine emergency patients.

Background: More information is needed regarding accuracy of commonly used methods of glucose measurement in the critically ill horse.

Hypothesis: Glucometry will have good agreement with a laboratory standard. Glucometry with plasma will have better agreement than when performed with whole blood.

Bacteremia in equine neonatal diarrhea: a retrospective study (1990-2007).

Background: Bacteremia in sick foals is associated with survival, but the association of bacteremia and diarrhea is not reported.

Hypothesis: Neonatal foals with diarrhea will commonly be bacteremic.

Animals: One hundred and thirty-three neonatal foals.

Plasma aldosterone, vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide in hypovolaemia: a preliminary comparative study of neonatal and mature horses.

Reason For Performing Study: Neonatal foals succumb rapidly to hypovolaemic shock in comparison to mature horses; they do not consistently increase their heart rate in response to hypotension and respond differently to fluid administration. The hormonal responses to hypovolaemia in the horse and foal require investigation.

Hypothesis: The hormonal responses to hypovolaemia and fluid administration differ between mature and neonatal horses.

Blood glucose in horses with acute abdominal disease.

Background: Hyperglycemia in critically ill humans is associated with increased glucose production and insulin resistance and is associated with death. This might also be true in horses presenting with acute abdominal disease.

Hypothesis: Throughout hospitalization, hyperglycemia will be common in adult horses presenting with acute abdominal disease.

Effects of norepinephrine and a combined norepinephrine and dobutamine infusion on systemic hemodynamics and indices of renal function in normotensive neonatal thoroughbred foals.

Background: Norepinephrine is a potent vasopressor that increases arterial blood pressure but may have adverse effects on renal blood flow. The combination of norepinephrine and dobutamine may lead to improved renal perfusion compared to an infusion of norepinephrine alone. The effects of these drugs in the normotensive neonatal foal have not been reported.

Effects of fenoldopam mesylate on systemic hemodynamics and indices of renal function in normotensive neonatal foals.

Background: Fenoldopam mesylate, a dopamine-1 receptor agonist, has dose- and species-dependent effects on hemodynamics and renal function. The effects of this drug in normotensive neonatal foals have not been reported.

Hypothesis: Two doses of fenoldopam would result in distinct changes in the systemic circulation, urine output, and creatinine clearance of neonatal foals.