Improving Ambulation and Minimizing Disability with Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in a Stiff-person Syndrome Patient with Recurrent Falls.

Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare, autoimmune, neuromuscular disorder that manifests with axial and proximal muscle stiffness, rigidity, and painful muscle spasms, often causing progressive disability due to limited movement. First-line therapies comprise symptomatic management with γ-aminobutyric acid-modulating drugs such as benzodiazepines and baclofen. Patients resistant to these treatments are often given intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg).

Persistent Trigeminal Artery Playing a Protective Role in a Case of Vertebral Artery Dissection and Stenosis.

Several fetal anastomoses have been described between the carotid and vertebrobasilar circulations. These anastomoses usually revert while the P1 segment (posterior cerebral artery segment 1) develops. However, these primitive intracranial embryonic anastomes can occasionally persist in adult age.