Does Tourniquet Use Impact Early Patient Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty?

Introduction Tourniquets are commonly used when performing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to reduce intra-operative blood loss, improve surgical field visibility, and potentially improve cement penetration during prosthesis implantation. However, they may be associated with increased thigh pain, postoperative opiate use, and longer lengths of hospital stay. Methods Retrospectively collected data was obtained from our institution's electronic patient records and database.

Enhancing CT examination efficiency with ChatGPT-4o for multilingual Hajj pilgrims: A short communication.

Introduction/background: The annual Hajj pilgrimage brings millions of Muslims from diverse linguistic backgrounds to Makkah, Saudi Arabia. This poses significant communication challenges in medical settings, particularly during complex procedures like computed tomography (CT) examinations. In 2024, a tertiary care hospital integrated ChatGPT-4o real-time translation technology to address these challenges.

Switch-like Gene Expression Modulates Disease Susceptibility.

A fundamental challenge in biomedicine is understanding the mechanisms predisposing individuals to disease. While previous research has suggested that switch-like gene expression is crucial in driving biological variation and disease susceptibility, a systematic analysis across multiple tissues is still lacking. By analyzing transcriptomes from 943 individuals across 27 tissues, we identified 1,013 switch-like genes.

Switch-like Gene Expression Modulates Disease Susceptibility.

A fundamental challenge in biomedicine is understanding the mechanisms predisposing individuals to disease. While previous research has suggested that switch-like gene expression is crucial in driving biological variation and disease susceptibility, a systematic analysis across multiple tissues is still lacking. By analyzing transcriptomes from 943 individuals across 27 tissues, we identified 1,013 switch-like genes.

Driving healthcare forward: The potential of mobile MRI and CT units in streamlining radiological services in Saudi Arabia - A narrative review.

Background And Purpose: This narrative review focuses on the role of mobile MRI and CT units in addressing the challenges of healthcare accessibility and patient wait times in Saudi Arabia. It underscores the growing demand for diagnostic imaging amid infrastructural and geographical barriers, emphasizing mobile units as innovative solutions for enhancing radiological services across diverse Saudi landscapes. The purpose of this study is to assess how these mobile technologies can mitigate service delays, improve patient outcomes, and support healthcare delivery in remote or underserved areas, reflecting on global trends towards more dynamic, patient-centered healthcare models.

Design, manufacturing and testing of a green non-isocyanate polyurethane prosthetic heart valve.

The sole effective treatment for most patients with heart valve disease is valve replacement by implantation of mechanical or biological prostheses. However, mechanical valves represent high risk of thromboembolism, and biological prostheses are prone to early degeneration. In this work, we aim to determine the potential of novel environmentally-friendly non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) for manufacturing synthetic prosthetic heart valves.

Management of Distal Femur Fractures: Replacement Versus Surgical Fixation Versus Conservative Management.

Introduction: Distal femur fractures are a frequently encountered injury, especially among the ageing population. Previous studies have identified that these fractures can be managed with a variety of methods and techniques which has led to an ongoing debate and investigation to decipher the optimal approach to manage these fractures.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of patients managed with either distal femur replacements (DFRs), surgical fixation (SF) or conservative management.

Bioactive surface coating for preventing mechanical heart valve thrombosis.

Background: Prosthetic heart valves are the only treatment for most patients with severe valvular heart disease. Mechanical valves, made of metallic components, are the most long-lasting type of replacement valves. However, they are prone to thrombosis and require permanent anticoagulation and monitoring, which leads to higher risk of bleeding and impacts the patient's quality of life.

A paleogenome from a Holocene individual supports genetic continuity in Southeast Alaska.

Many specifics of the population histories of the Indigenous peoples of North America remain contentious owing to a dearth of physical evidence. Only few ancient human genomes have been recovered from the Pacific Northwest Coast, a region increasingly supported as a coastal migration route for the initial peopling of the Americas. Here, we report paleogenomic data from the remains of a ∼3,000-year-old female individual from Southeast Alaska, named ().

Using antioppressive teaching principles to transform a graduate global health course at Johns Hopkins University.

Education systems and pedagogical practices in global public health are facing substantive calls for change during the current and ongoing 'decolonising global health' movement. Incorporating antioppressive principles into learning communities is one promising approach to decolonising global health education. We sought to transform a four-credit graduate-level global health course at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health using antioppressive principles.

Reliability and validity of an innovative high performing healthcare system assessment tool.

Background: Universal Health coverage (UHC) is the mantra of the twenty-first century yet knowing when it has been achieved or how to best influence its progression remains elusive. An innovative framework for High Performing Healthcare (HPHC) attempts to address these issues. It focuses on measuring four constructs of Accountable, Affordable, Accessible, and Reliable (AAAR) healthcare that contribute to better health outcomes and impact.

Balancing selection on genomic deletion polymorphisms in humans.

A key question in biology is why genomic variation persists in a population for extended periods. Recent studies have identified examples of genomic deletions that have remained polymorphic in the human lineage for hundreds of millennia, ostensibly owing to balancing selection. Nevertheless, genome-wide investigation of ancient and possibly adaptive deletions remains an imperative exercise.

Thermal and UV Curable Formulations of Poly(propylene glycol)-Poly(hydroxyurethane) Elastomers toward Nozzle-Based 3D Photoprinting.

In this work, isocyanate-free formulations for poly(propylene glycol) polyurethane elastomers are studied. These formulations are based on poly(propylene glycol) end-capped by CO-sourced cyclic carbonate (bisCC PPG) macromonomers able to react with amines leading to poly(hydroxyurethane)s. In order to obtain covalent networks, two curing approaches are studied.

Length of hospital stay following hip fracture and risk of 30 and 90 day mortality in a United Kingdom cohort.

A recent study identified a length of stay (LOS) of 10 days or less following hip fracture is associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality. This effect has not been previously studied for 90-day mortality or in the United Kingdom (UK). Our aim was to investigate the effect of LOS on 30-day and 90-day mortality following hip fracture in a UK population.

Protocol for the Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy Trial of text4FATHER for Improving Underserved Fathers' Involvement in Infant Care.

While father engagement in infant care is widely advocated and research demonstrates that it contributes to improved outcomes, few approaches engage fathers, especially racial/ethnic minority underserved fathers, during maternity care. This study protocol describes the text4FATHER's feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy trial from mid-pregnancy through two months postnatal age.

The impact of reducing the femoral stem length in total hip arthroplasty during gait.

Aim: The length of the femoral stem in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a practical consideration to prevent gait impairment. The aim of this study was to determine if reducing the femoral stem length in THA would lead to impaired gait biomechanics.

Methods: Patients uniformly with the same brand implant of differing lengths (100 mm vs 140-166 mm) were taken retrospectively from a prospective trial introducing a new short stem.

"I would really want to know that they had my back": Transgender women's perceptions of HIV cure-related research in the United States.

Forty-four percent of Black transgender women are living with HIV, and many face challenges with HIV care engagement. An HIV cure has much to offer this population, however little HIV cure-related research has included them. We conducted 19 face-to-face in-depth interviews with 10 Black transgender women living with HIV.

The 2nd Metacarpal Cortical Index as a Simple Screening Tool for Osteopenia.

Background: Osteopenia is a known risk factor for sustaining skeletal fractures. Prevention of fragility fractures has obvious clinical and economic advantages, however screening all patients using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is controversial not only because of the cost implications but also because it would potentially involve exposing a percentage of normal patients to unnecessary radiation. We wished to assess whether a simple hand X-ray measuring the 2nd metacarpal cortical index (2MCI) could be used as a simple screening tool for identifying patients with osteopenia.

Hip fracture patients admitted to hospital on weekends are not at increased risk of 30-day mortality as compared with weekdays.

Background: Hip fractures remain a major health concern owing to the increasing elderly population and their association with significant morbidity and mortality. The effects of weekend admission on mortality have been studied since the late 1970s. Despite most studies showing that mortality rates are higher for patients admitted on a weekend, the characteristics of the admitted patients have remained unclear.

Study to Assess the Rate of Adverse Reaction to Metal Debris in Hip Resurfacing at a Minimum 13-year Follow-up.

Background: Hip Resurfacing (HR), although reducing in popularity, is still used in the younger male population. Excellent medium-term results have been published; however, the use of metal on metal has reduced with increased awareness of adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD). ARMD has been shown to often be clinically "silent" following large Head MoM total hip replacement (THR).

Characteristics of acute central serous chorioretinopathy on optical coherence tomography - a retrospective study.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy is a common chorioretinal disease which is characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina from the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) in the macular area. The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of acute central serous chorioretinopathy on optical coherence tomography. This study was conducted at Lahore General Hospital and Yaqin Vision from January 2016 to June 2018.

Efficacy, duration of protection, birth outcomes, and infant growth associated with influenza vaccination in pregnancy: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials.

Background: Maternal influenza immunisation can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with influenza infection in pregnant women and young infants. We aimed to determine the vaccine efficacy of maternal influenza immunisation against maternal and infant PCR-confirmed influenza, duration of protection, and the effect of gestational age at vaccination on vaccine efficacy, birth outcomes, and infant growth up to 6 months of age.

Methods: We did a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials done in Nepal (2011-2014), Mali (2011-2014), and South Africa (2011-2013).

Parents' Perspectives on Supporting Father Involvement in African American Families During Pregnancy and Early Infancy.

Objective: To explore fathers' pregnancy and early infancy experiences in supporting his infant, partner, and himself, using information collected from fathers, mothers, and mother-father dyads in a low-income, urban community.

Background: Father involvement is associated with positive child health outcomes and parental well-being. However, little information exists about low-income parents' perceived needs for father involvement during pregnancy and infancy.