Notch Signaling Mediates Differentiation in Barrett's Esophagus and Promotes Progression to Adenocarcinoma.

Background & Aims: Studies are needed to determine the mechanism by which Barrett's esophagus (BE) progresses to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Notch signaling maintains stem cells in the gastrointestinal tract and is dysregulated during carcinogenesis. We explored the relationship between Notch signaling and goblet cell maturation, a feature of BE, during EAC pathogenesis.

Downregulation of () follows the stepwise progression to gastric adenocarcinoma.

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The transcription factor gene () is methylated and downregulated in human GC tissues. Using human GC samples, we determined which cells downregulate , when downregulation occurs, if downregulation correlates with clinical-pathologic characteristics, and whether plays a role in invasion and/or proliferation of cultured cells.

Cytology diagnosis of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, synchronous to pancreas, and metachronous to thyroid and contralateral adrenal: Report of a case and literature review.

Renal cell carcinoma metastases to pancreas, thyroid, and contralateral adrenal gland are decidedly uncommon. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is the most frequent subtype. Cytology diagnosis may be challenging.

Cytomorphology of Recurrent Osseous Extracranial Meningioma of Right Pubic Ramus:: Report of a Case and Literature Review.

Meningiomas are well-recognized neoplasms of the central nervous system. Primary extracranial meningiomas (ECMs) are extremely rare and arise in various anatomic sites. We present a 56-year-old female with 13-year history of primary grade I meningothelial meningioma of right pubic symphysis, orthotopic heart transplant, and right total hip arthroplasty, who presented with progressive right hip pain for 3 weeks.

Intraventricular hemorrhage induces deposition of proteoglycans in premature rabbits, but their in vivo degradation with chondroitinase does not restore myelination, ventricle size and neurological recovery.

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) results in white matter injury and hydrocephalus in premature infants. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs)-neuorcan, brevican, versican, aggrecan and phosphacan-are unregulated in the extracellular matrix after brain injury, and their degradation enhances plasticity of the brain. Therefore, we hypothesized that CSPG levels were elevated in the forebrain of premature infants with IVH and that in vivo degradation of CSPGs would enhance maturation of oligodendrocyte, augment myelination, promote neurological recovery, and minimize hydrocephalus.

Imaging features of solitary fibrous tumors.

Objective: The goal of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the multimodality imaging features of pleural and extrapleural solitary fibrous tumors.

Conclusion: Solitary fibrous tumors tend to be well-defined, ovoid, heterogeneously enhancing lesions. MRI characteristically depicts areas of low signal intensity that correspond to dense collagen.

Case report: unicameral bone cysts in a young patient with acquired generalized lipodystrophy.

We report the case of a 13-year-old boy with bilateral distal femoral unicameral bone cysts (UBCs) associated with acquired generalized lipodystrophy. As opposed to congenital generalized lipodystrophy, cystic bone lesions in acquired generalized lipodystrophy are rare. After radiographic and histologic confirmation of the UBCs, we performed percutaneous intramedullary decompression, curettage, and grafting.

Anthropometric, serologic, and laboratory correlation with villous blunting in pediatric celiac disease: diabetics are different.

Objectives: We evaluated the correlation between level of tissue transglutaminase (TTG) and endomysial antibodies (EMAs) to different degrees of intestinal damage in celiac disease (CD) children with [presence of diabetes mellitus (DM)+] and without [absence of diabetes mellitus (DM-)] type I diabetes. We also assessed the correlation between albumin, hemoglobin (hgb), transaminases, symptom presence, age of cereal introduction, and body mass index (BMI) to different degrees of intestinal damage.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients seen at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between January 2002 and June 2006 revealed 60 children (mean age 9.

Anorectal melanoma--3 case reports and a review of the literature.

Anorectal melanoma is an uncommon disease. Histologically, the tumor may mimic adenocarcinomas, small cell carcinomas, and sarcomas; grossly, the lesion often mimics hemorrhoids. We report 3 cases of anorectal melanoma: a 40-year-old woman with anorectal melanoma with local recurrence after an abdominoperineal resection (APR); a 30-year-old woman with anorectal melanoma and multiple liver metastases returning with multiple masses in the rectum and 2 nodules above and below the left clavicle after receiving chemotherapy; and a 62-year-old woman with inguinal node metastases.

Subglottic ductal cysts associated with complete tracheal ring deformity: coexistence of two rare airway abnormalities with fatal outcome.

Subglottic cysts are rare and may cause airway obstruction. Most cases are acquired secondary to endotracheal intubation, even short-term, particularly in the premature neonate. Complete tracheal rings are rare anomalies associated with tracheal stenosis.

Cystic struma ovarii presenting with ascites and an elevated CA-125 level. A case report.

Background: Struma ovarii is a monodermal teratoma that usually presents as a solid pelvic mass. Occasionally the lesions are cystic. Rare cases present with ascites or pseudo-Meigs' syndrome.

Effects on toes from prenatal exposure to anticonvulsants.

Background: Changes in the distal phalanges of the fingers, including coned epiphyses and hypoplasia of the phalanges, are recognized teratogenic effects of the anticonvulsant drugs phenytoin and phenobarbital. We hypothesized that the frequency of these changes would also be increased in the toes of children exposed to these drugs in comparison to unexposed children.

Methods: We report on the findings in an analysis of radiographs of the feet of 63 children exposed in utero to either phenytoin alone, phenobarbital alone or both drugs and 56 unexposed comparison children.

Effect of prenatal exposure to anticonvulsant drugs on dermal ridge patterns of fingers.

Background: An altered frequency of specific dermal ridge patterns on fingertips, such as an increased number of arches, has been observed in children exposed in utero to anticonvulsants and other teratogens. Asymmetry of the distribution of dermal ridge patterns has been attributed to environmental exposures and genetic factors.

Methods: We evaluated all of the dermal ridge patterns of 66 children who had been exposed to either the anticonvulsant phenytoin alone or phenytoin and phenobarbital.