Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that can infect many warm-blooded animals and has not been previously studied in large ruminants in Pakistan.
A study collected blood samples from 310 cattle and buffaloes in Punjab, finding a 12.2% infection rate in cattle but none in buffaloes, with no significant risk factors identified.
Genetic analysis showed that the isolates from infected cattle were similar to variants found in other countries, indicating the importance of this research for developing control strategies to protect livestock in Pakistan.