The intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of the phonological and semantic networks in word reading.

Previous studies have revealed that phonological and semantic processing recruit separate brain networks. However, the intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of the phonological and semantic networks remain unclear. To address this issue, the present study explored the static and dynamic functional connectivity patterns of phonological and semantic networks during the resting state.

Greater neural pattern similarity to the native language is associated with better novel word learning.

Introduction: Previous neuroimaging studies on bilingualism revealed that individuals tend to apply their native-language (L1) neural strategies to second language (L2) learning and processing. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how the utilization of the L1 neural strategies affects visual word learning in a new language.

Methods: To address this question, the present study scanned native Chinese speakers while performing implicit reading tasks before 9-day form-meaning learning in Experiment 1 and before 12-day comprehensive word learning in Experiment 2.

Longitudinal Analysis of Antibody Dynamics in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Patients - High-Incidence Regions of China, 2010-2023.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a serious tick-borne disease in East Asia with high mortality, particularly affecting the elderly. Since its discovery in 2010, inconsistencies in small-scale studies and the lack of decade-long research on antibody levels in large population samples after natural infection, along with the absence of an effective vaccine, highlight the need for large-scale, long-term data in high-incidence regions of China.

What Is Added By This Report?: This study of 1,410 serum samples from SFTS patients in high-incidence regions of China reveals that immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels peak at 8-14 days post-infection, declining to nearly undetectable levels by 180 days.

Processing demands modulate the activities and functional connectivity patterns of the posterior (VWFA-1) and anterior (VWFA-2) VWFA.

Previous studies have shown that the visual word form area (VWFA) has structural and intrinsic functional connectivity with both language and attention networks. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how the functional connectivity pattern of the VWFA is regulated by processing demands induced by experimental tasks, and whether processing demands differentially regulate the posterior (VWFA-1) and anterior (VWFA-2) subregions of the VWFA. To address these questions, the present study adopted two tasks varying in processing demands (i.

The Left Amygdala and Right Frontoparietal Cortex Support Emotional Adaptation Aftereffects.

Adaptation aftereffects-in which prolonged prior experience (adaptation) can bias the subsequent judgment of ambiguous stimuli-are a ubiquitous phenomenon. Numerous studies have found behaviorally stable adaptation aftereffects in a variety of areas. However, it is unclear which brain regions are responsible for this function, particularly in the case of high-level emotional adaptation aftereffects.

How the intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of the semantic network support semantic processing.

Semantic processing, a core of language comprehension, involves the activation of brain regions dispersed extensively across the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices that compose the semantic network. To comprehend the functional structure of this semantic network and how it prepares for semantic processing, we investigated its intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) and the relation between this pattern and semantic processing ability in a large sample from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. We first defined a well-studied brain network for semantic processing, and then we characterized the within-network connectivity (WNC) and the between-network connectivity (BNC) within this network using a voxel-based global brain connectivity (GBC) method based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Assessing heavy metal contamination in Amomum villosum Lour. fruits from plantations in Southern China: Soil-fungi-plant interactions.

Amomum villosum Lour. fruit is a common healthy food widely cultivated in southern China. Heavy metal contamination of farmland soils has becomes a serious environmental concern in China.

Effects of short-term second language learning on the development of individual semantic networks in written and spoken language.

Previous studies have primarily focused on the relationship between native language (L1) and second language (L2) in the brain, specifically in one language modality, such as written or spoken language. However, there is limited research on how L2 proficiency impacts both modalities. This study aimed to investigate the functional networks involved in reading and speech comprehension for both L1 and L2, and observe changes in these networks as L2 proficiency improves.

Knockout of CLTC gene reduces but not completely block SFTSV infection.

Clathrin is a key protein for viruses to enter host cells. Previous studies often use clathrin inhibitors or gene knockdown technology to partially inhibit the function of clathrin, but whether SFTSV can infect host cells without clathrin expression remains unclear. In this research, a clathrin heavy chains (CLTC) knockout A549 cell line was established by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and the knockout of CLTC was verified by PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence and T7E1 analysis.

Co-circulation and co-infection of hantaviruses and Wenzhou mammarenavirus in small mammals and humans in Jiangxi, China.

Both Orthohantaviruses (HV) and Whenzhou Mammarenaviruses (WENV) are rodents borne viruses, allowing them to spread simultaneously in the same area and infect humans. To explore the potential threat of HV and WENV to public health safety, an environmental and laboratory investigation was conducted in 2020-2021, in Jiangxi province, China. A total of 461 small mammals of 7 species and paired sera from 43 suspected HFRS cases were collected from Jiangxi Province, China.

Optimization of differentiation and transcriptomic profile of THP-1 cells into macrophage by PMA.

THP-1 monocyte, which can be differentiated into macrophages by PMA, is widely used in researches on pathogen infection and host innate immunity, but reports on the induction methods of PMA are different and lack a unified standard, and the transcriptome characteristics of macrophage compared with THP-1 cells remains unclear. In this research, we examined the differentiation effect of three factors including induction time, cell seeding density and PMA concentration by detecting the positive rate of CD14 expression. The concentration of 80ng/ml of PMA, the induction time of 24h, and the cell seeding density of 5×105 cells/ml, could respectively facilitates a relatively higher CD14 positive rate in THP-1 cells.

Category-specific and category-general neural codes of recognition memory in the ventral visual pathway.

Researchers have identified category-specific brain regions, such as the fusiform face area (FFA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA) in the ventral visual pathway, which respond preferentially to one particular category of visual objects. In addition to their category-specific role in visual object identification and categorization, regions in the ventral visual pathway play critical roles in recognition memory. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether the contributions of those brain regions to recognition memory are category-specific or category-general.

Individuals' preference on reading pathways influences the involvement of neural pathways in phonological learning.

Introduction: Existing behavioral and neuroimaging studies revealed inter-individual variability in the selection of the two phonological routes in word reading. However, it is not clear how individuals' preferred reading pathways/strategies modulate the involvement of a certain brain region for phonological learning in a new language, and consequently affect their behavioral performance on phonological access.

Methods: To address this question, the present study recruited a group of native Chinese speakers to learn two sets of artificial language characters, respectively, in addressed-phonology training (i.

Neural similarities and differences between native and second languages in the bilateral fusiform cortex in Chinese-English bilinguals.

In the field of bilingualism, researchers have proposed an assimilation hypothesis that posits that bilinguals apply the neural network of their native language to process their second language. In Chinese-English bilinguals, the bilateral fusiform gyrus has been identified as the key brain region showing the assimilation process. Specifically, in contrast to left-lateralized activation in the fusiform gyrus in native English speakers, Chinese-English bilinguals recruit the bilateral fusiform cortex to process English words as they do in the processing of Chinese characters.

Development and evaluation of recombinant E2 protein based IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and double antigen sandwich ELISA for detection of antibodies to Chikungunya virus.

Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) reemerged and caused millions of human infections since 2004. The disease could be established, when the virus has been introduced to areas where the appropriate vectors are endemic. The differential diagnosis of CHIKV infection varies based on place of residence, travel history, and exposures.

Research on the Effect of Water Injection Pressure on Knocking Combustion of a Direct Injection Gasoline Engine.

In this study, the research method of numerical simulation is used to explore the inhibition of different water injection pressures on knock combustion of turbocharged direct injection gasoline (GDI) engines by coupling computational fluid dynamics with a chemical-kinetics model. First, the ignition advance angle and compression ratio are increased to induce the GDI engine to knock, and then the influence of the water injection pressure on the in-cylinder, evaporation of water, and the knock of the gasoline engine are analyzed. The simulation results show that, compared with no water injection, the direct injection of water in the cylinder can significantly reduce the knock intensity.

Neural representation of phonological information during Chinese character reading.

Previous studies have revealed that phonological processing of Chinese characters elicited activation in the left prefrontal cortex, bilateral parietal cortex, and occipitotemporal regions. However, it is controversial what role the left middle frontal gyrus plays in Chinese character reading, and whether the core regions (e.g.

CRISPR/Cas12a Technology Combined With RPA for Rapid and Portable SFTSV Detection.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a new tick-borne pathogen that can cause severe hemorrhagic fever. Fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome caused by SFTSV is a new infectious disease that has posed a great threat to public health. Therefore, a fast, sensitive, low-cost, and field-deployable detection method for diagnosing SFTSV is essential for virus surveillance and control.

Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Based Serological Immunoassays for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients and Vaccinated Population.

The development of rapid serological detection methods re urgently needed for determination of neutralizing antibodies in sera. In this study, four rapid methods (ACE2-RBD inhibition assay, S1-IgG detection, RBD-IgG detection, and N-IgG detection) were established and evaluated based on chemiluminescence technology. For the first time, a broadly neutralizing antibody with high affinity was used as a standard for the quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies in human sera.

A Simulation Study of Water Injection Position and Pressure on the Knock, Combustion, and Emissions of a Direct Injection Gasoline Engine.

A turbocharged downsizing spark ignition (SI) engine combined with direct injection technology has the potential to improve the power and fuel economy and reduce emissions. However, gasoline engines are prone to knocking under low-speed and high-load conditions, which limits the application and development of downsizing SI engines. In this study, numerical simulation methods are used to explore the feasibility of water injection in the intake port to reduce the knock tendency of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and to explore the effects of different water injection pressures on combustion and emissions.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome from 2010 to 2019 in Mainland China.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease and that is a severe threat to public health considering its high fatality and person-to-person transmission. In order to obtain an updated and deep understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of SFTS in mainland China, we used Pearson's chi-squared test to compare the fatality rate and demographic characteristics in different groups. Data were analyzed in R3.

Abnormal upregulation of cardiovascular disease biomarker PLA2G7 induced by proinflammatory macrophages in COVID-19 patients.

High rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Importantly, CVD, as one of the comorbidities, could also increase the risks of the severity of COVID-19. Here we identified phospholipase A2 group VII (PLA2G7), a well-studied CVD biomarker, as a hub gene in COVID-19 though an integrated hypothesis-free genomic analysis on nasal swabs (n = 486) from patients with COVID-19.

Language distance in orthographic transparency affects cross-language pattern similarity between native and non-native languages.

How native and non-native languages are represented in the brain is one of the most important questions in neurolinguistics. Much research has found that the similarity in neural activity of native and non-native languages are influenced by factors such as age of acquisition, language proficiency, and language exposure in the non-native language. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how the similarity between native and non-native languages in orthographic transparency, a key factor that affects the cognitive and neural mechanisms of phonological access, modulates the cross-language similarity in neural activation and which brain regions show the modulatory effects of language distance in orthographic transparency.