An Integrated Approach to Develop a Potent Vaccine Candidate Construct Against Prostate Cancer by Utilizing Machine Learning and Bioinformatics.

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among males. Prostaglandin G/H synthase (PGHS) is an essential enzyme in the synthesis of prostaglandins, and its activation has been linked to many malignancies, including colorectal cancer.

Aims: Due to the limited effectiveness and specificity of existing prostate cancer therapies, this study was designed to formulate improved treatment techniques.

Correction: Suleman et al. Immunoinformatics and Immunogenetics-Based Design of Immunogenic Peptides Vaccine against the Emerging Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) and Its Validation through In Silico Cloning and Immune Simulation. 2021, , 1210.

The authors would like to make the following correction to this published paper [...

Combating Cariogenic Biofilm Formation and Disruption with Coumaric Acid on Dentin Surface.

, the primary cause of dental caries, relies on its ability to create and sustain a biofilm (dental plaque) for survival and pathogenicity in the oral cavity. This study was focused on the antimicrobial biofilm formation control and biofilm dispersal potential of Coumaric acid (CA) against on the dentin surface. The biofilm was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay, microtiter plate assay, production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), florescence microscopy (surface coverage and biomass μm) and three-dimensional (3D) surface plots.

An integrated multi-pronged reverse vaccinology and biophysical approaches for identification of potential vaccine candidates against Nipah virus.

Nipah virus, a paramyxovirus linked to Hendra virus that first appeared in Malaysia and is the etiological agent of viral lethal encephalitis, has emerged as a strong threat to the health community in recent decades. Viral infections are seriously affecting global health. Since there are now no efficient therapeutic options, it will take considerable effort to develop appropriate therapeutic management for the Nipah virus.

Proinflammatory cytokine profiles in prediabetic Saudi patients.

Prediabetes is an increase-risk state for diabetes that is associated with an increase in blood glucose levels to more than normal, but not increased enough to be termed as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A timely intervention and management of prediabetes can stop its further progression to the diabetic state. Many cytokines are involved in diseases including diabetes, however, their role in prediabetes is unknown.

Hand hygiene knowledge and practices, and rates of respiratory tract infections between Hajj and Umrah pilgrims: a comparative study.

Background: Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings (MGs) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia amplify the risk of viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs), but there is a lack of comparative data from these two MGs. This study aims to compare pilgrims' hand hygiene knowledge, practices, and rates of RTIs during the peak periods of Umrah and Hajj in 2021.

Materials And Methods: The datasets of this comparative study were obtained from two previously conducted studies that used similar study tools and identical syndromic definitions.

The relationship between hand hygiene and rates of acute respiratory infections among Umrah pilgrims: A pilot randomised controlled trial.

Background: There is a lack of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the role of hand hygiene in preventing and containing acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in mass gatherings. In this pilot RCT, we assessed the feasibility of establishing a large-scale trial to explore the relationship between practising hand hygiene and rates of ARI in Umrah pilgrimage amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A parallel RCT was conducted in hotels in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, between April and July 2021.

Designing a novel chimeric multi-epitope vaccine against , a causative agent of melioidosis.

, a gram-negative soil-dwelling bacterium, is primarily considered a causative agent of melioidosis infection in both animals and humans. Despite the severity of the disease, there is currently no licensed vaccine on the market. The development of an effective vaccine against could help prevent the spread of infection.

Design, Formulation, and Evaluation of Gel-Based Capsaicin Transemulgel for Osteoarthritis.

Topical treatments are a potential therapeutic option for the therapy of osteoarthritis, with significant data supporting the effectiveness and safety of topical formulation. Topical gel formulations may offer an alternative to oral formulations to relieve osteoarthritis (OA) pain while decreasing systemic exposure. Topical capsaicin transemulgel may represent an effective and safe alternative.

Pan-Genome-Assisted Computational Design of a Multi-Epitopes-Based Vaccine Candidate against .

is a Gram-negative bacterium from the family and genus . The pathogen is a causative agent of gastroenteritis, cellulitis, and bacteremia. The increasing antibiotic resistance pattern of the pathogen prompts the efforts to develop a vaccine to prevent dissemination of the bacteria and stop the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) determinants.

Immune and Oxidative Response against Sonicated Antigen of -A Causative Agent of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia.

Vaccines are vital for prevention and control of mycoplasma diseases. The exploration of a vaccine candidate for the development of a vaccine is imperative. The present study envisages the evaluation of immune and oxidative response against an adjuvanted, sonicated antigen of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp.

Reverse Vaccinology and Immunoinformatic Assisted Designing of a Multi-Epitopes Based Vaccine Against Nosocomial .

is a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen and is considered as a troublesome bacterium due to its resistance to many common antibiotics. There is no licensed vaccine available to prevent the pathogen infections, thus making the condition more alarming and warrant the search for novel therapeutic and prophylactic approaches. In order to identify protective antigens from pathogen proteome, substantial efforts are put forth to prioritized potential vaccine targets and antigens that can be easily evaluated experimentally.

Syndromic surveillance of respiratory-tract infections and hand hygiene practice among pilgrims attended Hajj in 2021: a cohort study.

Background: The risk of transmission of viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is high in mass gatherings including Hajj. This cohort study estimated the incidence of symptomatic RTIs and hand hygiene compliance with its impact among Hajj pilgrims during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: During the week of Hajj rituals in 2021, domestic pilgrims were recruited by phone and asked to complete a baseline questionnaire.

Proteome-Wide and Protein-Specific Multi-Epitope Vaccine Constructs Against the Rift Valley Fever Virus Outbreak Using Integrated Omics Approaches.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral disease caused by a member of the Bunyavirales family causing severe infections in humans. The RVF virus is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that can infect both animals and humans. The symptoms associated with these infections span from minor (fever and headaches) to severe (meningoencephalitis and hemorrhagic fever syndrome) symptoms.

Network Pharmacology Approach for Medicinal Plants: Review and Assessment.

Natural products have played a critical role in medicine due to their ability to bind and modulate cellular targets involved in disease. Medicinal plants hold a variety of bioactive scaffolds for the treatment of multiple disorders. The less adverse effects, affordability, and easy accessibility highlight their potential in traditional remedies.

Vaccinomics to Design a Multi-Epitopes Vaccine for .

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is the result of microbes' natural evolution to withstand the action of antibiotics used against them. AR is rising to a high level across the globe, and novel resistant strains are emerging and spreading very fast. is a multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, responsible for causing severe nosocomial infections that are treated with several broad spectrum antibiotics: carbapenems, β-lactam, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, gentamicin, impanel, piperacillin, and amikacin.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Pravastatin-Loaded Nanogel for Hyperlipidemia Management.

Hyperlipidemia is a crucial risk factor for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, ultimately leading to cardiovascular disease. The nanogel-based nanoplatform has emerged as an extremely promising drug delivery technology. Pravastatin Sodium (PS) is a cholesterol-lowering drug used to treat hyperlipidemia.

Discovery of Potential Antiviral Compounds against Hendra Virus by Targeting Its Receptor-Binding Protein (G) Using Computational Approaches.

Hendra virus (HeV) belongs to the paramyxoviridae family of viruses which is associated with the respiratory distress, neurological illness, and potential fatality of the affected individuals. So far, no competitive approved therapeutic substance is available for HeV. For that reason, the current research work was conducted to propose some novel compounds, by adopting a Computer Aided Drug Discovery approach, which could be used to combat HeV.

Rescuing the Host Immune System by Targeting the Immune Evasion Complex ORF8-IRF3 in SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Natural Products Using Molecular Modeling Approaches.

The perennial emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its new variants causing upper respiratory complexities since December 2019 has aggravated the pandemic situation around the world. SARS-CoV-2 encodes several proteins among which ORF8 is a novel factor that is unique to SARS-CoV-2 only and is reported to help the virus in disease severity and immune evasion. ORF8-IRF3 complex induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, thus helps in the evasion of immune response.

Garlic Extract Alleviates Trastuzumab-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Through Its Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antihyperlipidemic Effects.

Background: Trastuzumab is a new biological drug that has been used to treat breast and gastric cancer; however, its cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity limit its use. Garlic has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and anticancer effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of garlic on trastuzumab-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model.

Structural-Dynamics and Binding Analysis of RBD from SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOCs) and GRP78 Receptor Revealed Basis for Higher Infectivity.

Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) might be a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 to bind and enter the host cell. Recently reported mutations in the spike glycoprotein unique to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of different variants might increase the binding and pathogenesis. However, it is still not known how these mutations affect the binding of RBD to GRP78.

Annotation of Potential Vaccine Targets and Design of a Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine against through Reverse Vaccinology and Validation through an Agent-Based Modeling Approach.

is responsible for plague and major pandemics in Asia and Europe. This bacterium has shown resistance to an array of drugs commonly used for the treatment of plague. Therefore, effective therapeutics measurements, such as designing a vaccine that can effectively and safely prevent infection, are of high interest.

Immunoinformatics and Immunogenetics-Based Design of Immunogenic Peptides Vaccine against the Emerging Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) and Its Validation through In Silico Cloning and Immune Simulation.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), belonging to the Flaviviridae family, is transmitted to humans via infected tick bites, leading to serious neurological complications and, in some cases, death. The available vaccines against the TBEV are reported to have low immunogenicity and are associated with adverse effects like swelling, redness and fever. Moreover, these vaccines are whole-organism-based, carry a risk of reactivation and potential for significant mortality.

Combating Biofilm by Targeting Its Formation and Dispersal Using Gallic Acid against Single and Multispecies Bacteria Causing Dental Plaque.

Exploring biological agents to control biofilm is a vital alternative in combating pathogenic bacteria that cause dental plaque. This study was focused on antimicrobial, biofilm formation and biofilm dispersal efficacy of Gallic acid (GA) against bacteria, including spp., , spp.

An integrated computational framework to design a multi-epitopes vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious disease that mostly affects the lungs and is caused by a bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The associated mortality rate of TB is much higher compared to any other disease and the situation is more worrisome by the rapid emergence of drug resistant strains. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only licensed attenuated vaccine available for use in humans however, many countries have stopped its use as it fails to confer protective immunity.