Studies on cationic ocular emulsions containing bipartitioned oil droplets to codeliver cyclosporin A and etodolac.

To prepare ocular emulsions containing bipartitioned oil droplets to entrap cyclosporin A (0.05% w/w) and etodolac (0.2% w/w) by using castor, olive and silicon oils.

Post-chemotherapy changes in retinal pigment epithelium in retinoblastoma eyes.

Objective: Histopathological analysis of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) changes in retinoblastoma (RB) cases who received pre-surgical chemotherapy.

Design: Laboratory-based observational study.

Methods: Five-year analysis was performed to identify Retinoblastoma cases who underwent enucleation after receiving systemic chemotherapy.

Parasitic Eye Diseases: Nuances in Rapid Identification and Advanced Microscopy.

Aim: To study parasitic eye diseases in a tertiary institute of North-east India by live examination of parasites, rapid staining, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Methods: A 12-year retrospective analysis was performed and all patients diagnosed with ocular parasitic diseases were identified. Examination under a compound microscope, fluorescein staining, and scanning electron microscopy were done.

Histopathology of pigment dispersion syndrome and glaucoma: A Case Report.

Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) can have varied manifestations. Anterior and posterior segment involvement by dispersed pigments was documented in gross pathology and by staining under microscopy. Pigmentary changes in the sclera, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, trabecular meshwork, lens, and retinal pigment epithelium and optic nerve findings were consistent with PDS.

Intraocular and neuro-cysticercosis with diffuse stromal choroiditis.

Intraocular cysticercosis with central nervous system involvement is not that rare. We report a male child with a right-sided painful blind eye who had intraocular cysticercosis and granuloma in the left frontal lobe of the brain. There was an incidental finding of chronic inflammation in the choroid of that eye supported by histopathology.

Studies on spray dried topical ophthalmic emulsions containing cyclosporin A (0.05% w/w): systematic optimization, in vitro preclinical toxicity and in vivo assessments.

Cyclosporin A (CsA, 0.05% w/w)-loaded positively charged emulsions were prepared based on castor oil, chitosan, poloxamer 188, glycerin and double-distilled water. To augment the shelf/storage-stability of original emulsions, the solid-dry powder for reconstitution was made by spray drying technique.

IgG4-related disease as multiple head and neck swellings: supported by histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

A 66-year-old North-East Indian male presented with bilateral eyelid swelling, ptosis, and bilateral submandibular gland enlargement. Dry skin on both arms was another peculiar complaint. Contrast enhanced CT scans revealed homogenously enhancing, diffusely enlarged lacrimal glands and blood investigations showed raised serum IgG4 levels.

Pathologic evidence of retinoblastoma seeds supported by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the pathology of retinoblastoma (RB) seeds with supportive evidence by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.

Methods: This study was a laboratory-based observational study. Enucleated eyeballs received in the ocular pathology department of a tertiary eye care center in northeast India were included in the cohort after obtaining written informed consent during the surgery.

Fluorescein dye as a novel cost-effective approach for staining raw specimens in ophthalmic pathology.

Purpose: To study the usefulness of sodium fluorescein dye for staining raw specimens in ophthalmic pathology.

Methods: Laboratory-based observational study. Eye specimens received in the ocular pathology department of a tertiary eye care center in northeast India were included in the study after obtaining the informed consent.

Idiopathic inflammatory diseases of orbit and ocular adnexa: Histopathological and immunochemical analysis.

Purpose: : To present histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of idiopathic inflammatory diseases of orbit and ocular adnexa.

Methods: Design- A retrospective laboratory-based study. The study was carried out in an ocular pathology laboratory in a tertiary institute of northeast India where analysis of 93 cases was done in 5 years, during the period from 2011 to 2016.

Human ocular thelaziasis caused by gravid - A unique and rare case report.

An 80-year-old male reported to the clinic with complaints of diminished vision, foreign body sensation, and occasionally some black object moving in front of the right eye. Detailed ocular examination revealed three slender creamy white live worms in the conjunctival sac of the right eye. Total three worms were retrieved and sent to the pathology department for detailed examination.

Immunohistochemistry on pattern of ocular & adnexal tumours in a tertiary eye care centre of Northeast India.

Background & Objectives: Ocular and adnexal tumours are important causes of morbidity in India and globally. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a vital molecular pathology tool, which helps to diagnose a tumour with more accuracy. The present study was undertaken to document the profile of ocular and adnexal tumour with IHC at a tertiary eye care center in Northeast India.

Systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma masquerading as neovascular glaucoma.

We describe a case of spontaneous hyphema associated with anterior uveitis presents in a 69-year old female as the prominent sign of the intraocular spread of systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). She had a history of diabetes and initially misdiagnosed as neovascular glaucoma. Clinical history of systemic lymphoma, characteristic findings on B-scan ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging scan, and identification of atypical lymphoid cells in aqueous sample established the diagnosis of intraocular metastasis of systemic DLBCL.

Molecular pathologic interpretation of new retinoblastoma rosettes.

Newly described retinoblastoma (RB) rosettes have various kinds of pathological significance. Some of their characteristics have been revealed in this immunohistochemistry study. Five paraffin-embedded eyeballs with RB and new rosettes were studied for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), p53, p16, BAX, c-Myc, glial fibrillary acidic protein, synaptophysin, and chromogranin.

Update on pathology of ocular parasitic disease.

Parasites are a group of eukaryotic organisms that may be free-living or form a symbiotic or parasitic relationship with the hosts. Consisting of over 800,000 recognized species, parasites may be unicellular (Protozoa) or multicellular (helminths and arthropods). The association of parasites with human population started long before the emergence of civilization.

An interesting case of angiogenesis in cavernous hemangioma.

Cavernous hemangioma is the most common orbital tumor in adult. There is lot of literatures for clinicopathological features of this tumor. These tumors had been studied for the model of angiogenesis in many of the experimental setups.

IgG4-related intraocular inflammation masquerading as ciliary body melanoma in a young girl.

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4-related diseases) affects various tissues and organs of the human body. Orbital, adnexal, and scleral inflammations were already reported in the medical literature. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of intraocular IgG4-associated inflammatory mass in the ciliary body mimicking as a melanoma in a 23-year-old female from Northeast India.

The changing patterns of uveitis in a tertiary institute of Northeast India.

Uveitis incorporates innumerable conditions, all of which are characterized by inflammation of the uveal tract. Study of etiological factors in uveitis in the population often give important disease-specific indications and changing pattern in subsequent studies are important to know further newer occurrences of various disease prevalence. Awareness of regional variation in disease configuration is essential to develop a region specific list of differential diagnoses and also for comparison with different sub-population of the country and the world.

A rare case of anterior chamber dirofilariasis.

We report a rare case of anterior chamber live dirofilariasis presenting as anterior uveitis. A 60-year-old man presented with dimness of vision in the right eye for 1 month. Vision recorded was 6/18 P, N 18 in the right eye.

Parasitic diseases of zoonotic importance in humans of northeast India, with special reference to ocular involvement.

Parasitic zoonotic diseases are prevalent in India, including the northeastern states. Proper epidemiological data are lacking from this part of the country on zoonotic parasitic diseases, and newer diseases are emerging in the current scenario. Systemic manifestation of such diseases as cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, hydatidosis, and toxoplasmosis are fairly common.

Profile of ocular and adnexal tumours at a tertiary institute of northeast India.

Purpose: To present the profile of patients with ocular and adnexal tumours presenting at a tertiary eye care institute in northeast India in ten years between 2003 and 2013.

Design: Hospital based retrospective review of medical records.

Method: The clinical history, site of involvement and pathological diagnoses were retrieved from ocular pathology registers from October 2003-October 2013.

A new rosette in retinoblastoma.

Retinoblastoma, the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor of childhood is a great success story in pediatric and ocular oncology. Pathology of retinoblastoma is important to guide the treatment modalities. Differentiated retinoblastoma is commonly seen in younger age group.