Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial of Povidone-Iodine 1.25% Solution Versus Topical Antibiotics for Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis.

Purpose: To compare povidone-iodine 1.25% ophthalmic solution with topical antibiotics for treatment of bacterial keratitis in areas of the world where use of effective topical antibiotics may not be an option.

Study Design: Randomized, controlled, investigator-masked clinical trial.

A double application approach to ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis.

Aims: To investigate if a second drop of 2.5% povidone-iodine ophthalmic solution placed within the first postnatal day would achieve better prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum than a single drop applied at birth.

Methods: A masked, prospective, controlled trial was conducted over a 2 year period in a Kenyan hospital.

A controlled trial of povidone-iodine to treat infectious conjunctivitis in children.

Purpose: To report the efficacy of povidone-iodine as a treatment for conjunctivitis in pediatric patients.

Design: Double-masked, controlled, prospective clinical trial.

Methods: In an ophthalmology clinic in a general hospital in Manila, Philippines, 459 children (mean [SD] age 6.

Ocular applications of povidone-iodine.

Ocular infections can have devastating consequences and may lead to blindness. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) has many potential advantages over the currently used drugs, including a broader antibacterial spectrum, it turns the surface of the eye brown for a few minutes, bacterial resistance has not been seen and it is cheaper than other agents. PVP-I has made a significant contribution to pre- and postoperative ocular surgical prophylaxis, ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.

The effect of anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle on ocular torsion.

Introduction: The effects of anterior transposition of the inferior oblique on elevation in adduction have been studied, but changes in objective ocular torsion have not been investigated.

Methods: A prospective study on the effect of anterior transposition of the inferior oblique on objective torsion with use of fundus photography was undertaken in 24 eyes of 13 patients. The amount of oculartorsion was determined by measuring the angle formed by a horizontal line drawn across the geometric center of the disc and a second line connecting the geometric center to the foveola.

A randomized clinical trial of the nonsteroidal eyedrop diclofenac after strabismus surgery.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of topical diclofenac sodium 0.1% (Voltaren) with prednisolone sodium phosphate 1% ophthalmic solution after strabismus surgery.

Design: A prospective, double-masked, randomized, two-center clinical trial.

Development of tearing in preterm and term neonates.

Background: Although term and preterm infants have the capacity to secrete tears, the relative contribution of basal and reflex secretion of tears has not been previously assessed together in a prospective study. This information potentially has practical clinical importance.

Objectives: To measure basal and reflex tear secretion in preterm (30-37 weeks after conception) and term (38-42 weeks) newborns and to determine the developmental pattern of tear production.

Efficacy of topical povidone-iodine during the first week after ophthalmic surgery.

Purpose: In the first postoperative day, povidone-iodine ophthalmic solution prevents an increase in conjunctival bacterial colony-forming units and decreases the species compared with antibiotic. We sought to determine whether these beneficial effects of povidone-iodine could be sustained during the first postoperative week.

Methods: In 42 eyes of 35 consecutive patients, one or two drops of either a broad-spectrum antibiotic (polymyxin B sulfate-neomycin sulfate-gramicidin) or povidone-iodine 1.

The influence of perinatal infective factors on ophthalmia neonatorum.

Background: Ophthalmia neonatorum still blinds approximately 10,000 babies annually worldwide. Identification of contributory maternal perinatal factors could possibly predict which babies are at greater risk for this disease.

Methods: In a randomized prospective study of ophthalmia neonatorum in Kenya, we studied the effect of prophylaxis with povidone-iodine, silver nitrate, and erythromycin in 3117 neonates.

The effect of povidone-iodine solution applied at the conclusion of ophthalmic surgery.

Purpose: Povidone-iodine 5% solution decreases the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis when used on the eye for preoperative preparation. We sought to determine whether it also minimized conjunctival bacterial flora immediately after surgery by preventing bacteria present on the surface of the eye from entering surgical wounds.

Methods: In 42 eyes of 40 patients, at the conclusion of surgery, on an alternating basis, each patient received either a drop of a broad-spectrum antibiotic solution (polymyxin B sulfate-neomycin sulfate-gramicidin) or a 5% povidone-iodine solution in the operated-on eye.

A controlled trial of povidone-iodine as prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum.

Background: Neonatal conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum) continues to cause blindness because the agents used prophylactically to prevent this condition are not completely effective and are not widely available in many parts of the world. Povidone-iodine ophthalmic solution is an effective antibacterial agent with broad antibacterial and antiviral activity to which no bacteria are known to be resistant, and it is far less expensive and less toxic than the agents currently used to prevent neonatal conjunctivitis.

Methods: We conducted a masked, prospective trial involving 3117 infants born over a period of 30 months in a hospital in Kenya.

Povidone-iodine for ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis.

Purpose: The agents currently used to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum are less than optimal, with reports indicating evidence of bacterial resistance, ineffectiveness, and toxicity. Povidone-iodine ophthalmic solution, which has been shown to be effective in the preoperative preparation of the eye, generates no resistance, is an effective antimicrobial agent, and has low toxicity. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of povidone-iodine for ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis.

The effect of anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle.

The effect of anterior transposition of the insertion of the inferior oblique muscle was compared with the results from conventional inferior oblique muscle recession in 50 patients. Even though both groups of patients had a similar degree of overaction preoperatively, postoperative inferior oblique muscle action was weaker (P < .01) and upgaze more limited P < .

The effect of torsional muscle dysfunction and surgery on eye position under general anesthesia.

Under general anesthesia, normal eyes exhibit 2.0 degrees to 2.5 degrees of extorsion.

Unsuspected glove perforation during ophthalmic surgery.

Objectives: To determine the rate of perforation of surgical gloves after ophthalmic surgery and to identify factors that contribute to the development of perforations.

Design: Case-control study of used and unused surgical gloves collected during a 7-month period.

Setting: The ophthalmology surgical suites of a major teaching hospital.

A comparison of silver nitrate with erythromycin for prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum.

Although prophylactic eyedrops to treat ophthalmia neonatorum is mandated nationwide, states and hospitals are free to choose specific drugs. To compare two of these agents, we studied the incidence and characteristics of ophthalmia neonatorum in two UCLA teaching hospitals over a five-year period. One, which used 1% silver nitrate solution exclusively, had 50 cases in 34,772 births, a frequency of 0.

Occult glove perforation during ophthalmic surgery.

We examined the latex surgical gloves used by 56 primary surgeons in 454 ophthalmic surgical procedures performed over a 7-month period. Of five techniques used to detect pinholes, air inflation with water submersion and compression was found to be the most sensitive, yielding a 6.80% prevalence in control glove pairs and a 21.

Electrooculography and discriminant analysis in Duane's syndrome and sixth-cranial-nerve palsy.

Eye-movement recordings may be helpful in the differentiation of Duane's syndrome from sixth-cranial-nerve palsy. Voluntary horizontal saccades were recorded and quantitated by electrooculography in 18 patients with unilateral type I Duane's syndrome and in 25 patients with sixth-nerve palsy. When ranges of abduction were matched, the peak velocities of abducting saccades in affected eyes were decreased equally in both groups.

Overnight admission of outpatient strabismus patients.

The trend to outpatient strabismus surgery prompted us to determine the frequency of, and the reasons for, postoperative overnight hospital admission following such surgery. In one year, 303 outpatient strabotomies were performed at the Jules Stein Eye Institute on patients over 15 months old. Twenty-four (7.