Pediatric Caregiver Behaviors Related to Oral Antibiotic Use.

In a survey of 396 caregivers of children, 119 (30%) reported requesting antibiotics from clinicians and 65 (16%) had stored antibiotics at home. In addition, 47 (12%) reported past or intended nonprescription antibiotic administration; this finding was associated with household income of ≥$75 000 annually (odds ratio 2.042, 95% confidence interval 1.

Survey of Current Institutional Practices in the Use of High-Flow Nasal Cannula for Pediatric Patients.

Objectives: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an oxygen delivery device that provides heated humidified air with higher flow rates. The purpose of this survey is to look at institutional practice patterns of HFNC initiation, weaning, and disposition for pediatric patients across the United States.

Methods: Survey was sent via electronic listservs to pediatric physicians in emergency medicine, hospital medicine, critical care, and urgent care.

Evaluation of a Screening Tool for Child Sex Trafficking Among Patients With High-Risk Chief Complaints in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objectives: The objective was to apply and evaluate a screening tool to identify victims of child sex trafficking (CST) in a pediatric emergency department (PED) population.

Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted from July 2017 to November 2017 at the PED of a free-standing, inner-city children's hospital. Patients 10 to 18 years of age presenting with chief complaints related to high-risk social or sexual behaviors were recruited in a representative convenience sampling.

Improving Discharge Instructions in a Pediatric Emergency Department: Impact of a Quality Initiative.

Background: Effective communication between physician and patient is essential to optimize care after discharge from the emergency department (ED). Written discharge care instructions (DCI) complement verbal instructions and have been shown to improve communication and patient management. In 2012, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services proposed a quality measure (OP-19) that assesses compliance with key elements considered essential for high-quality written DCI.

Decline in Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Vaccine Serotypes After the Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children in Atlanta, Georgia.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) serotype distribution among nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage isolates changed significantly after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). We evaluated the impact on NP carriage and invasive disease of SP after the introduction of the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in March 2010.

Methods: NP swabs were collected from children 6-59 months of age in an emergency department from July 2010 to June 2013.

In their own words: adolescent views on ADHD and their evolving role managing medication.

Objective: Up to 90% of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain functionally impaired, yet less than half continue to take medication. The objective of this study was to gain a detailed understanding of how adolescents with ADHD contribute to medication treatment decisions.

Methods: Forty-four adolescents with ADHD aged 13 to 18 years old participated in 1 of 7 focus groups.

Parental angst making and revisiting decisions about treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobehavioral conditions of childhood and adolescence. Despite availability of effective treatment options, initiation of treatment is variable and persistence with therapeutic regimens is poor.

Objective: We sought to better understand how parents make decisions about treatment for their child or adolescent with ADHD.