Testing a Culturally Tailored Advance Care Planning Intervention (MY WAY) for an American Indian Tribe: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Waitlist Control Design.

Background: American Indian and Alaska Native peoples experience poor end-of-life care, including more hospitalizations and lower use of hospice and do-not-resuscitate orders. Although advance care planning (ACP) can improve end-of-life care, ACP rates are disproportionately low in American Indians and Alaska Natives.

Objective: We culturally tailored and delivered an existing evidence-based ACP program for an American Indian tribal community.

Changes in Mental Health, Emotional Distress, and Substance Use Affecting Women Experiencing Violence and Their Service Providers during COVID-19 in a U.S. Southern State.

Research conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed many unintended consequences of mandated safety precautions, including increased perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV), increases in substance use, and worsening mental health conditions. We conducted a repeated, cross-sectional survey of survivors of IPV, a longitudinal survey of service providers working in an IPV shelter, and interviews with both. We conducted surveys at the beginning of the pandemic and nearly half a year later to assess mental health and, for clients, substance use.

Gender differences in patient outcomes following drug abuse treatment in Afghanistan: Results from a new evaluation.

Drug use rates among adults in Afghanistan are over twice as high as the global average which complicates an already challenging situation in the country. Although progress has been made toward improving availability of treatment and the rights and status of women, cultural norms and historical precedents have delayed advances, including in drug treatment. Female Afghan patients access treatment via home-based systems without the option of group in-patient treatment centers available to male patients.

Achieving Whole Health: A Preliminary Study of TCMLH, a Group-Based Program Promoting Self-Care and Empowerment Among Veterans.

Objective: An emerging literature suggests patients with chronic illnesses can benefit from integrated, person-centric approaches to health care, including group-based programs. However, much of the research in this area is disease specific. The objective of this study was to collect preliminary evidence on the efficacy of Taking Charge of My Life and Health (TCMLH), a Whole Health group-based program that emphasizes self-care and empowerment on the overall health and well-being of veterans, a population burdened with high rates of multiple chronic conditions.

An evaluation of the facilitator training to implement 'Taking charge of my life and health', a peer-led group program to promote self-care and patient empowerment in Veteran participants.

Objective: We developed a peer-led group program for Veterans called Taking Charge of My Life and Health (TCMLH) that emphasizes patient education, goal setting, shared decision making, and whole person care. Our aim was to conduct an evaluation of a facilitator training course to deliver TCMLH in VA sites.

Methods: Repeated measures ANOVA models were used to examine change over three timepoints (pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up) in outcomes of attitudes, knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy related to patient empowerment, skills acquisition, self-care strategies, and curriculum facilitation.

Productive Struggle: How Community Coalitions Developed Capacity to Conduct Qualitative Research Through CBPR.

There is a lack of evidence as to how the subcomponents of motivation, innovation-specific capacity, and organizational capacity affect community readiness and the implementation of evidenced-based practices. The Strategic Prevention Framework-Partnerships for Success (SPF-PFS) Initiative in Ohio is guided by a collaboration between the Ohio Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Ohio's SPF-PFS Evaluation Team, Ohio's Coaching and Mentoring Network, and community coalitions from 10 Appalachian and/or rural communities. To address the goals of the SPF-PFS, we paired an empowerment evaluation framework with a community-based participatory research approach that enabled communities to take complete ownership of local data and research processes.

If momma ain't happy with the mentoring relationship, ain't nobody happy with the mentoring relationship: Parental satisfaction as a predictor of mentoring match strength and length.

Much evidence exists on whether an individual's perception of a match relationship impacts match strength and length, but relatively less is known about whether parental perceptions of the match (i.e., whether the match is meeting their goals) impacts the length and strength of mentoring relationships.

Addressing Health Challenges of Women Across the Life Course: Summary of the Women's Health 2018 Preconference Symposium.

Although the United States is often ahead in both research and health care fields, it lags behind peer countries in many population health indicators. To address these complex health problems that often reflect the intersection of many socioeconomic and health issues, it is essential that scientists work collaboratively across distinct disciplines. Women's health is but one area which can benefit from such an approach given the multifaceted and complex issues underlying the different aspects of women's health research.

Reversing the Trends toward Shorter Lives and Poorer Health for U.S. Women: A Call for Innovative Interdisciplinary Research.

The United States (U.S.) is a leader and innovator in biomedicine, yet trails behind for many key health indicators, especially for women.

Distribution of content in recently-viewed scenes whitens perception.

Anisotropies in visual perception have often been presumed to reflect an evolutionary adaptation to an environment with a particular anisotropy. Here, we adapt observers to globally-atypical environments presented in virtual reality to assess the malleability of this well-known perceptual anisotropy. Results showed that the typical bias in orientation perception was in fact altered as a result of recent experience.

Structural Content in Paintings II: Artists Commissioned to Reproduce a Specific Image Over-Regularize Orientation Biases in Their Paintings.

Measurements of psychophysical performance show that the visual system is biased in ways that counteract statistical regularities of natural scenes thereby allowing efficient coding. Here we consider the perceptual effects of these encoding biases in a "holistic" way by measuring characteristics of the paintings produced by artists making perceptual matches to a natural scene image; 10 artists were asked to produce an exact copy of a single outdoor landscape scene. The structural content of the paintings produced and the "ground truth" image were compared in the frequency domain.

Structural content in paintings: artists overregularize oriented content of paintings relative to the typical natural scene bias.

Natural scenes tend to be biased in both scale (1/f) and orientation (H > V >> O; horizontal > vertical >> oblique), and the human visual system has similar biases that serve to partially 'undo' (ie whiten) the resultant representation. The present approach to investigating this relationship considers content in works of art-scenes produced for processing by the human visual system. We analyzed the content of images by a method that minimizes errors inherent in some prior analysis methods.

Comparison of event-related potentials elicited by cardinal and oblique orientations with broad-band noise stimuli.

The experiments described here used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the neural processes of the horizontal effect, in which visual performance is worst for horizontal and best for oblique orientations. EEGs were recorded while human adult subjects performed an orientation identification task with broad-band noise stimuli. The results showed that the difference between cardinal orientations and oblique orientations first occurred at P2 component around 200 ms post-stimulus onset, which is much later than the traditional oblique effect.