Equine nutrition in the post-operative colic: Survey of Diplomates of the American Colleges of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Veterinary Surgeons, and European Colleges of Equine Internal Medicine and Veterinary Surgeons.

Background: Evidence is lacking concerning re-introduction of feed and water following colic surgery.

Objectives: To describe current approaches of European and American specialists to re-introduction of feed and water in adult horses following surgical treatment of common intestinal lesions, assuming an uncomplicated recovery.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Analysis of caecal mucosal inflammation and immune modulation during Anoplocephala perfoliata infection of horses.

Anoplocephala perfoliata is the commonest equine tapeworm, the adult parasites are attached in groups close to the ileocaecal valve causing marked inflammatory pathology. This work aimed to characterize the nature of the in vivo mucosal immune response to A perfoliata, and to investigate the role of A perfoliata excretory-secretory components in modulating in vitro immune responses. Real-time PCR detected elevation of IL13 and TGFβ transcription in early-stage A perfoliata infection.

Systemic and mucosal IgE antibody responses of horses to infection with Anoplocephala perfoliata.

Infection of horses with Anoplocephala perfoliata induces a severe inflammatory reaction of the caecal mucosa around the site of parasite attachment adjacent to the ileocecal valve. Lesions show epithelial erosion or ulceration of the mucosa with infiltration by eosinophils, lymphocytes and mast cells leading to oedema, gross thickening and fibrosis of the caecal wall. Despite this evidence of an inflammatory reaction to A.

Adolescent drug dealing and race/ethnicity: a population-based study of the differential impact of substance use on involvement in drug trade.

Background: Among adolescents, peers are an important source of drug procurement. However, little is known about factors associated with youths' involvement in drug trade.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to identify substance use behaviors and contextual factors related to drug dealing among Black and White adolescents.