Anesthetic Concerns for Patients Undergoing a Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP).

Although there are competing alternatives available to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the gold standard using either general or spinal anesthesia. There are advantages and disadvantages related to spinal or general anesthesia. Anesthetic concerns and complications during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative surgical phases are analyzed and summarized.

Perceivers' responses to in-group and out-group members who blame a negative outcome on discrimination.

The authors extend recent research concerning the social costs of claiming discrimination by examining men's and women's responses to in-group and out-group targets who either blamed a failing grade on discrimination or answer quality. Although participants generally responded more negatively to targets who blamed discrimination, rather than answer quality, dislike was greatest and gender group identification was lowest when participants evaluated an in-group target. Moreover, an in-group target who claimed discrimination was perceived as avoiding personal responsibility for outcomes to a greater extent than was a similar out-group target.