Hysterosalpingo-Contrast Sonography With a Saline-Air Device Is Equivalent to Hysterosalpingography Only in the Presence of Tubal Patency.

Objectives: To compare hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography with a saline-air device to hysterosalpingography for evaluating tubal patency.

Methods: Eighty women undergoing infertility evaluations were recruited for this prospective cohort study. All patients underwent both office-based hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography with a saline-air device and hysterosalpingography as the reference standard, and the fallopian tubes were individually assessed for tubal patency in each procedure.

Neisserial pilin genes display extensive interspecies diversity.

All Neisseria live in association with host cells, however, little is known about the genetic potential of nonpathogenic Neisseria species to express attachment factors such as pili. In this study, we demonstrate that type IV pilin-encoding genes are present in a wide range of Neisseria species. N.