Effective recruitment and retention strategies for older members of rural minorities.

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to describe effective recruitment and retention strategies used in a community-based intervention study for older, rural African American women with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The study's design was a randomized control test using a 3-group experimental design in a sample of 180 older, rural African American women (55 years of age and older), with type 2 diabetes. The study employed a range of strategies to successfully recruit and retain older African American women.

Conceptual model of symptom-focused diabetes care for African Americans.

Purpose: Development of a conceptual model and description of its use to guide the content and format of a community-based intervention. CONCEPTUAL MODEL: We developed a symptom-focused model for type 2 diabetes for older African American women based on the UCSF symptom management model. Key concepts in this model are symptom experience, symptom management, and health outcomes.

African American beliefs about diabetes.

In this presentation, a diabetes explanatory model of rural, African American adults at high risk for diabetes is described. Kleinman's explanatory model of illness was used as the organizing framework. African American men and women (N=42), between the ages of 18 and 51, participated.

Symptom-focused management for African American women with Type 2 diabetes: a pilot study.

The purpose of this pilot study was to test the effectiveness of an in-home, nurse-delivered, symptom-focused teaching/counseling intervention with older rural African American women who have type 2 diabetes. Forty-one participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the comparison group. Participants in the intervention showed statistically significant improvement in their medication, diet, home glucose monitoring self-care practices, perceptions of quality of life, and distress from symptoms.