Withanolide derivatives: natural compounds with anticancer potential offer low toxicity to fertility and ovarian follicles in mice.

Anticancer therapy often leads to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and infertility due to the extreme sensitivity of the ovarian follicle reserve to the effects of chemotherapy. Withanolides are known for their cytotoxic effect on cancer cells and low cytotoxicity on non-malignant or healthy cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of three withanolides derivatives: 27-dehydroxy-24,25-epoxywithaferin A (WT1), 27-dehydroxywithaferin A (WT2), and withaferin A (WTA) on fertility, and the ovarian preantral follicles of young female mice.

Improving survival and growth of caprine preantral follicles cultured in medium commonly used for MSC: Role of oxidative stress regulation and epigenetic changes.

This study evaluated the efficiency of in vitro culture of preantral follicles (PAF) in a commonly used medium for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) culture. Parameters assessed included follicle survival, growth, stromal cell density, levels of reduced thiols and reactive oxygen species, epigenetic changes, cell apoptosis, and mRNA abundance. Caprine ovarian tissues were cultured for 1 or 7 days in either PAF or MSC-common media, with uncultured tissues serving as controls.

Ultra-diluted/dynamized doxorubicin reduces the toxicity caused by doxorubicin during the in vitro culture of pig preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue.

The present study investigated the effect of adding allopathic doxorubicin (DOX 0.3 µg/mL), the vehicle of ultradiluted/dynamized doxorubicin (0.2 % ethanol), different dynamizations of ultradiluted/dynamized doxorubicin (DOX 6CH, DOX 12CH and DOX 30CH), both in the absence or presence of chemical stress induced by doxorubicin at 0.

Stem cell-conditioned medium improves methylation patterns and quality of caprine preantral follicles.

In Brief: Conditioned medium from Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells improved tissue and preantral follicle outcomes, preventing adverse effects of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and epigenetic changes.

Abstract: This study investigated the methylation patterns of H3K4me3 and H3K9me3, as well as the mRNA expression of genes encoding the epigenetic regulators KDM1AX1, KDM1AX2, and KDM3A in goat preantral follicles developed in vivo (Uncultured control) or after in vitro culture for 7 days in either the absence (α-MEM+) or presence of conditioned medium (α-MEM+ + CM) from Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs). In the invivo setting, all follicular categories exhibited similar H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 patterns, and transcripts of KDM1AX1, KDM1AX2, and KDM3A were detected in all samples.

Heterotopic ovarian allotransplantation in a caprine model: Effects of implant site on morphological parameters.

This study aimed to investigate a new implantation site (intra-auricular subcutaneous - IA) compared to intramuscular (IM) in the cervical portion (cervical splenius muscle) of the neck for ovarian transplantation in goats. Morphological aspects of the implant, follicular activation and morphology, and type I and III collagen deposits of the transplanted tissue were evaluated. Four fragments of the ovarian cortex were allotransplanted at the IA and IM sites in all goat recipients and recovered 7 (IA-7; IM-7) or 15 (IA-15; IM-15) days later and submitted to histological analysis.

Alpha lipoic acid controls degeneration and ensures follicular development in ovine ovarian tissue cultured in vitro.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of adding alpha lipoic acid (ALA) to the in vitro ovarian tissue culture medium, either fresh or after vitrification/warming. For this purpose, 10 ovaries from five adult sheep were used. Each pair of ovaries gave rise to 16 fragments and were randomly distributed into two groups: fresh (n = 8) and vitrified (n = 8).

Addition of synthetic polymer in the freezing solution of mesenchymal stem cells from equine adipose tissue as a future perspective for reducing of DMSO concentration.

The regenerative therapies with stem cells (SC) has been increased by the cryopreservation, permitting cell storage for extended periods. However, the permeating cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) can cause severe adverse effects. Therefore, this study evaluated equine mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (eAT-MSCs) in fresh (Control) or after slow freezing (SF) in different freezing solutions (FS).

Systematic review and meta-analysis on patented and non-patented vitrification processes to ovarian tissue reported between 2000 and 2021.

Due to the great interest in ovarian cryopreservation and, consequently conservation and restoration of female fertility in the last decades, different vitrification procedures (vitrification devices or solutions) have been developed, patented, and used both for academic research purposes and for clinical use. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of data obtained from the application of different patented and non-patented vitrification devices and solutions in different countries. For this purpose, relevant observational studies published between the years 2000 to 2021 were selected to verify the efficiency of ovarian vitrification processes on parameters such as morphology, viability, and apoptosis in preantral ovarian follicles after transplantation or in vitro culture.

Anethole supplementation during in vitro maturation increases in vitro goat embryo production in a concentration-dependent manner.

During in vitro maturation (IVM) cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) are exposed to conditions that can trigger oxidative stress, thus, reducing oocyte maturation and viability. Aiming to mitigate these detrimental conditions, the effects of IVM medium supplementation with anethole have been tested. Anethole, also known as trans-anethole (1-methoxy-4 [1-propenyl]-benzene), is a naturally occurring phenylpropanoid with various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant effects.

Effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate modulating agents during oocyte pre-maturation and the role of melatonin on in vitro maturation of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes.

This study investigated the effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate modulating during cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) pre-maturation and the role of melatonin on in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine COCs. In experiment one, COCs were pre-matured for 8 h in control medium or with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and forskolin, IBMX and C-type natriuretic peptide, c-type natriuretic peptide and forskolin or IBMX, forskolin and c-type natriuretic peptide. Then, meiotic progression was evaluated.

Effect of Different Vitrification Techniques on Viability and Apoptotic Index of Domestic Cat Testicular Tissue Cells.

Vitrification is essential for successful tissue cryopreservation and biobanking in wild cats. This study aimed to compare different methods of vitrification (Ovarian Tissue Cryosystem-OTC, Straws-STW, and Solid Surface vitrification-SSV) for testicular fragment vitrification in tom cats. Testicular fragments were recovered from five adult tom cats and subjected to equilibrium vitrification using different cryovials and methods under the same conditions of vitrification solutions and cryoprotectants.

Trimethylation profile of histones H3 lysine 4 and 9 in late preantral and early antral caprine follicles grown in vivo versus in vitro in the presence of anethole.

This study assessed the histones methylation profile (H3K4me3 and H3K9me3) in late preantral (PA) and early antral (EA) caprine follicles grown in vivo and in vitro, and the anethole effect during in vitro culture of PA follicles. Uncultured in vivo-grown follicles (PA, n = 64; EA, n = 73) were used as controls to assess the methylation profile and genes' expression related to apoptosis cascade (BAX, proapoptotic; BCL2, antiapoptotic), steroidogenesis (CYP17, CYP19A1), and demethylation (KDM1AX1, KDM1AX2, KDM3A). The isolated PA follicles (n = 174) were cultured in vitro for 6 days in α-MEM in either absence (control) or presence of anethole.

Definition of protocols for cryopreservation and three-dimensional in vitro culture of prepubertal goat testicular tissue after histomorphological, ultrastructural, and functional analysis.

This study aims to define the best method (slow freezing or vitrification) and fragment size (1, 5, or 9 mm³) for prepubertal goat testis cryopreservation, as well as to evaluate testicular morphological integrity after cryopreservation and in vitro culture (IVC). Initially (experiment I), 1, 5, or 9 mm³ testis fragments were cryopreserved by slow freezing using a Mr. Frosty container with 20% Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or vitrified using the Ovarian Tissue Cryosystem (OTC) device, (Equilibration solution - ES: 10% DMSO and 10% ethylene glycol - EG; Vitrification solution - VS: 20% DMSO and 20% EG) and then subjected to morphological analysis, type I and III collagen quantification and gene expression (Oct4, C-kit, Bax, and Bcl-2).

Use of green microalgae Chlorella as a nutritional supplement to support oocyte and embryo production in goats.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of green microalgae as a nutritional supplement for oocyte and embryo production in goats. Two experiments were performed on adult goats to obtain oocytes (EVO; n = 14) and in vivo embryos (IVD; n = 14). In both, the donors were divided into control (n = 7) and Chlorella (n = 7) groups.

Impact of high-fat diet consumption during prolonged period of pregnancy on placenta structures and umbilical vascular growth in goats.

This study aimed to verify the impact of high-fat diet consumption for a prolonged period on oxidative stress, fetal growth, umbilical vascular system, and placental structures in pregnant goats. Twenty-two pregnant goats were grouped into the control diet (n= 11) and fat diet (n = 11). Flaxseed meal was added to the fat diet, replacing the corn grain of concentrate, from gestational day 100 to delivery date.

-Acetyl cysteine reduces the levels of reactive oxygen species and improves maturation of oocytes from medium-sized bovine antral follicles.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of -acetylcysteine (NAC) on bovine oocyte maturation, mitochondrial activity and transzonal projections (TZP), as well as on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and messenger RNA (mRNA) for catalase () superoxide dismutase (), periredoxin-6 (), glutathione peroxidase (), growth and differentiation factor-9 (), histone , cyclin B1 () and c-. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) of medium-sized antral follicles (3.0-6.

Dyslipidemia induced by lipid diet in late gestation donor impact on growth kinetics and in vitro potential differentiation of umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells in goats.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from the umbilical cord (UC) have several attractive properties for clinical use. This study aimed to verify the impact of a lipid-rich diet during late gestation of donor goats on the growth and differentiation of MSCs from UC. From the 100th day of pregnancy to delivery, 22 goats were grouped based on their diet into the donor-lipid (DLD; n = 11) and donor-baseline (DBD; n = 11) diet groups.

In vitro- and in vivo-derived early antral follicles have comparable in vitro follicular growth and oocyte maturation rates in goats.

Recent in vitro follicle culture (IVFC) studies in caprine have yielded lower maturation rates using late preantral follicles compared to early antral follicles. Thus, research focusing on developing stage-specific customized culture systems able to improve the efficiency of IVFC for late preantral follicles are warranted. This study aimed to compare the morphometric features, estradiol production, and gene expression between early antral caprine follicles produced in vitro and in vivo.

Eugenol Improves Follicular Survival and Development During Culture of Goat Ovarian Tissue.

This study evaluated the effects of different concentrations (10, 20, or 40 μM) of eugenol (EUG 10, EUG 20, or EUG 40), ascorbic acid (50 μg/mL; AA) or anethole (300 μg/mL; ANE 300) on the survival and development of goat preantral follicles and oxidative stress in the cultured ovarian tissue. Ovarian fragments from five goats were cultured for 1 or 7 days in Alpha Minimum Essential Medium (α-MEM+) supplemented or not with AA, ANE 300, EUG 10, EUG 20 or EUG 40. On day 7 of culture, when compared to MEM, the addition of EUG 40 had increased the rate of follicular development, as observed by a decrease in the proportion of primordial follicles alongside with an increase in the rate of normally developing follicles.

Equine ovarian tissue xenografting: impacts of cooling, vitrification, and VEGF.

Unlabelled: Ovarian tissue transplantation methods using cooled and cryopreserved samples have been attractive options for fertility preservation in animal models and humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of previous exposure to cooling, cryopreservation, and VEGF on the overall efficiency of equine ovarian tissue after heterotopic xenotransplantation in mice. The end points evaluated were follicular morphology and development, follicular and stromal cell densities, angiogenesis (i.

Transcriptional downregulation of ABC transporters is related to follicular degeneration after vitrification and in vitro culture of ovine ovarian tissue.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters perform multiple functions in reproductive tissues. During ovarian tissue vitrification, the plasma membrane has important functions in the influx or efflux of water, and substances such as cryoprotectants and channel proteins that are required in this process. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the relative abundance of mRNA transcript of ABC transporters ABCB1, ABCG2, and MRP2 after vitrification and in vitro culture (IVC) of ovine ovarian tissue.

Effects of exposure of sheep ovarian tissue to zearalenone and matairesinol on preantral follicles.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1 µmol/l zearalenone (ZEN) and 1 µmol/l matairesinol (MAT), alone or in combination, on the morphology of in vitro-cultured ovarian preantral follicles. Ovaries from four adult sheep were collected at a local slaughterhouse and fragmented, and the ovarian pieces were submitted to in vitro culture for 3 days in the presence or absence of the test compounds. The morphology of primordial and primary follicles was impaired by ZEN.