Metrics of optical quality derived from wave aberrations predict visual performance.

Wavefront-guided refractive surgery and custom optical corrections have reduced the residual root mean squared (RMS) wavefront error in the eye to relatively low levels (typically on the order of 0.25 microm or less over a 6-mm pupil, a dioptric equivalent of 0.19 D).

A population study on changes in wave aberrations with accommodation.

Wave aberrations were measured with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) in the right eye of a large young adult population when accommodative demands of 0, 3, and 6 D were presented to the tested eye through a Badal system. Three SHWS images were recorded at each accommodative demand and wave aberrations were computed over a 5-mm pupil (through 6th order Zernike polynomials). The accommodative response was calculated from the Zernike defocus over the central 3-mm diameter zone.

Non-polymer-based paclitaxel-coated coronary stents for the treatment of patients with de novo coronary lesions: angiographic follow-up of the DELIVER clinical trial.

Background: Paclitaxel, a microtubule-stabilizing compound with potent antitumor activity, has been shown to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. The DELIVER trial was a prospective, randomized, blinded, multicenter clinical evaluation of the non-polymer-based paclitaxel-coated ACHIEVE stent compared with the stainless steel Multi-Link (ML) PENTA stent.

Methods And Results: A total of 1043 patients with focal de novo coronary lesions, <25 mm in length, in 2.

Evaluation of a novel point-of-care enoxaparin monitor with central laboratory anti-Xa levels.

Background: Measurement of enoxaparin's anticoagulant activity has been limited to specialized coagulation laboratories and has been impractical for areas needing rapid results, such as during coronary angioplasty. A new point-of-care device, Rapidpoint ENOX, was recently developed to measure clotting times with enoxaparin use.

Objectives: To correlate ENOX times with anti-Xa levels among patients receiving enoxaparin.

Enteric helminths of juvenile and adult wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in eastern Kansas.

Viscera of 49 wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) collected in the spring of 2001 and 23 wild turkeys collected in the fall and winter of 2001-02 from 12 counties in eastern Kansas were examined for enteric helminths. Four cestode species, two trematode species, one nematode species, and one acanthocephalan species were identified. Two cestode and two trematode species present in the spring sample also were present in the fall and winter sample.

Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study 11 children (age < 8 years) with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass to determine whether low (10 +/- 4; n = 6) vs high (20 +/- 4; n = 5) perfusate hematocrits during bypass resulted in changes in brain metabolites which correlate with neurologic injury. Long and short echo time single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy in occipital gray matter and neurologic assessment were performed preoperatively and 2 and 5 days postoperatively. We also determined whether prolonged periods at low flow rates during bypass affected spectroscopy variables.

A novel point-of-care enoxaparin monitor for use during percutaneous coronary intervention. Results of the Evaluating Enoxaparin Clotting Times (ELECT) Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to discern a target range of anticoagulation for enoxaparin during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as measured by the Rapidpoint ENOX (Pharmanetics Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina), a new point-of-care test.

Background: In the U.

Interaction between aberrations to improve or reduce visual performance.

Purpose: To investigate how pairs of Zernike modes interact to increase or decrease visual acuity.

Setting: Visual Optics Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

Methods: Subjects read aberrated and unaberrated visual acuity charts 3 times.

Visual acuity as a function of Zernike mode and level of root mean square error.

Background: The coefficients of normalized Zernike expansion are orthogonal and reflect the relative contribution of each mode to the total root mean square (RMS) wavefront error. The relationship between the level of RMS wavefront error within a mode and its effect on visual performance is unknown.

Purpose: To determine for various levels of RMS wavefront error how each mode of the normalized Zernike expansion for the second, third, and fourth orders affect high- and low-contrast acuity.

Comparison of monochromatic ocular aberrations measured with an objective cross-cylinder aberroscope and a Shack-Hartmann aberrometer.

Repeated measures of wavefront aberrations were taken along the line-of-sight of seven eyes using two instruments: an objective, cross-cylinder aberroscope (OA) and a Shack-Hartmann (SH) aberrometer. Both instruments were implemented on the same optical table to facilitate interleaved measurements on the same eyes under similar experimental conditions. Variability of repeated measures of individual coefficients tended to be much greater for OA data than for SH data.

Restick following initial Angioseal use.

The Angioseal hemostatic device is currently in widespread use for arterial closure after both diagnostic and interventional procedures. Resticking of the artery in which an Angioseal device has been placed has been discouraged for up to 90 days after the initial device placement because of theoretical concerns of disruption or dislodgment of the hemostatic plug. However, no data are available to address this concern.

Standards for reporting the optical aberrations of eyes.

In response to a perceived need in the vision community, an OSA taskforce was formed at the 1999 topical meeting on vision science and its applications (VSIA-99) and charged with developing consensus recommendations on definitions, conventions, and standards for reporting of optical aberrations of human eyes. Progress reports were presented at the 1999 OSA annual meeting and at VSIA-2000 by the chairs of three taskforce subcommittees on (1) reference axes, (2) describing functions, and (3) model eyes.

Are all aberrations equal?

Purpose: To determine for a fixed RMS error (25 microm, over a 6-mm pupil) how each mode of the normalized Zernike polynomial (second through the fourth radial order) affects high and low contrast logMAR visual acuity.

Methods: Three healthy volunteers served as subjects. CTView was used to generate optically aberrated logMAR charts.

Prevalence of mycoplasma antibodies in lesser prairie-chicken sera.

Serologic testing by the serum plate agglutination (SPA) procedure was performed to detect the presence of cross-reacting antibodies to Mycoplasma meleagridis, Mycoplasma synoviae, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum in lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) trapped over a 2-yr period in Finney and Kearny counties of southwestern Kansas. Sera examined from birds (n = 50) obtained in March-April 2000 tested positive for M meleagridis, M. synoviae, and M.

Entoptic image quality of the retinal vasculature.

Spatial details of entoptically visible retinal vessels were investigated using transcleral and Maxwellian-view stimulators. Nine normal subjects provided detailed drawings of the entoptic images which were digitized and superimposed onto digitized fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms from the same eyes. Subjects also used a tracing method to locate visible entoptic features.

Vascular closure devices in patients treated with anticoagulation and IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors during percutaneous revascularization.

Objectives: The study assessed clinical outcomes of closure device use following percutaneous coronary revascularization using current standards of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy.

Background: Evaluation of the outcomes of patients by use of vascular closure devices during coronary interventions employing current standards of anticoagulation and glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy is limited.

Methods: We evaluated outcomes of 4,525 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention between July 1997 and April 2000.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococci isolated from the faeces of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo).

Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the staphylococcal flora associated with wild turkey populations.

Methods And Results: Faecal samples obtained from 26 wild turkeys over a 16-month period were inoculated onto mannitol salt agar plates to select for staphylococci. Fifty-seven randomly chosen isolates were identified as Staphylococcus lentus and their susceptibility determined against clindamycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, oxacillin, penicillin G, rifampin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin.

Effect of larger ablation zone and transition zone on corneal optical aberrations after photorefractive keratectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of photorefractive keratectomy on corneal optical aberrations using a 5.5-mm optical zone and a 7.0-mm transition zone.

Optics of aberroscopy and super vision.

This paper (1) reviews the fundamental limits to visual performance imposed by optical imaging and photoreceptor sampling to determine the limits to the potential gains offered by ideal corrections; (2) examines the predicted losses in vision induced by chromatic aberration, phase shifts, typical ocular aberrations, and the gains possible by correcting the monochromatic aberrations of the eye; (3) discusses the principles of aberration measurement in the eye; and (4) presents methods for measuring and classifying monochromatic aberrations of the eye.

Schematic eye models for simulation of patient visual performance.

Purpose: To determine if model eyes can simulate the visual performance of normal human eyes under conditions of varying low myopic blur, pupil size, and contrast.

Methods: High and low contrast Bailey-Lovie logMAR visual acuity (VA) of three normal eyes of three subjects were measured for four artificial pupil sizes and ten levels of myopic defocus. Simulated visual acuities were then determined for three model eyes--the Indiana Eye with no spherical aberration, the Indiana Eye with average spherical aberration, and the Kooijman Eye--by generating optically aberrated VA charts for each testing condition using Visual Optics Lab software by Sarver and Associates, Inc, and having the subjects read high resolution printouts of these charts using a 3-mm pupil and optimal spectacle correction.