Toward Ultra-High-Quality-Factor Wireless Masing Magnetic Resonance Sensing.

It has recently been shown that a bolus of hyperpolarized nuclear spins can yield stimulated emission signals similar in nature to maser signals, potentially enabling new ways of sensing hyperpolarized contrast media, including most notably [1-C]pyruvate that is under evaluation in over 50 clinical trials for metabolic imaging of cancer. The stimulated NMR signal emissions lasting for minutes do not require radio-frequency excitation, offering unprecedented advantages compared to conventional MR sensing. However, creating nuclear spin maser emission is challenging in practice due to stringent fundamental requirements, making practical in vivo applications hardly possible using conventional passive MR detectors.

Carbon-13 Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation of the Hyperpolarized Ketone and Hemiketal Forms of Allyl [1-C]Pyruvate.

C hyperpolarized pyruvate is an emerging MRI contrast agent for sensing molecular events in cancer and other diseases with aberrant metabolic pathways. This metabolic contrast agent can be produced via several hyperpolarization techniques. Despite remarkable success in research settings, widespread clinical adoption faces substantial roadblocks because the current sensing technology utilized to sense this contrast agent requires the excitation of C nuclear spins that also need to be synchronized with MRI field gradient pulses.

Virulence and resistance patterns of non-O1/non-O139 acquired in Germany and other European countries.

Global warming has caused an increase in the emergence of species in marine and estuarine environments as well as fresh water bodies. Over the past decades, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has evolved among species toward various antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of infections. In this study, we assessed virulence and resistance patterns of non-O1/non-O139 strains derived from Germany and other European countries.

Isolation of from a White's tree frog (): pose exotic frogs a potential risk to human health?

Introduction: Cold-blooded hosts, particularly exotic frogs, have become a newly recognized reservoir for atypical species and strains worldwide, but their pathogenicity to humans remains largely unknown. Here we report the isolation and molecular characterization of a strain (FO700662) cultured from clinical samples taken from a captive diseased White's Tree Frog () in Switzerland. The isolation of from a frog along with other reports of human infection by atypical Brucella raises the question of whether atypical Brucella could pose a risk to human health and deserves further attention.

Phenotypic and genotypic discrimination of Francisella tularensis ssp. holarctica clades.

Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia, a zoonotic disease with a wide host range. F. tularensis ssp.

C Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Threshold Sensing of Chemical Reactions.

Conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) enables detection of chemicals and their transformations by exciting nuclear spin ensembles with a radio-frequency pulse followed by detection of the precessing spins at their characteristic frequencies. The detected frequencies report on chemical reactions in real time and the signal amplitudes scale with concentrations of products and reactants. Here, we employ Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (RASER), a quantum phenomenon producing coherent emission of C signals, to detect chemical transformations.

Parahydrogen-Induced Carbon-13 Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

The feasibility of Carbon-13 Radiofrequency (RF) Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (C-13 RASER) is demonstrated on a bolus of liquid hyperpolarized ethyl [1- C]acetate. Hyperpolarized ethyl [1- C]acetate was prepared via pairwise addition of parahydrogen to vinyl [1- C]acetate and polarization transfer from nascent parahydrogen-derived protons to the carbon-13 nucleus via magnetic field cycling yielding C-13 nuclear spin polarization of approximately 6 %. RASER signals were detected from samples with concentration ranging from 0.

RASER MRI: Magnetic resonance images formed spontaneously exploiting cooperative nonlinear interaction.

The spatial resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited by the width of Lorentzian point spread functions associated with the transverse relaxation rate 1/. Here, we show a different contrast mechanism in MRI by establishing RASER (radio-frequency amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) in imaged media. RASER imaging bursts emerge out of noise and without applying radio-frequency pulses when placing spins with sufficient population inversion in a weak magnetic field gradient.

Neurovascular territories of the canine fossa: Analysis of a South African population.

Background: The canine fossa, a depression on the surface of the maxillary bone, is important clinically due to the nexus of the neurovascular elements which occur in this region and supply the superficial and deep structures of the face. While it is known that there is much variation in the neurovascular structures of this region, little is known about sex differences. The aim of this study was to investigate and map the neurovascular branching within the region of the canine fossa of a South African population, with particular reference to any sex differences.

A Versatile Compact Parahydrogen Membrane Reactor.

We introduce a Spin Transfer Automated Reactor (STAR) that produces continuous parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP), which is stable for hours to days. We use the PHIP variant called signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), which is particularly well suited to produce continuous hyperpolarization. The STAR is operated in conjunction with benchtop (1.

Background-Free Proton NMR Spectroscopy with Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation.

We report on the utility of Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation (RASER) for background-free proton detection of hyperpolarized biomolecules. We performed hyperpolarization of ≈0.3 M ethyl acetate via pairwise parahydrogen addition to vinyl acetate.

Strengthening the United Nations Secretary-General's Mechanism to an alleged use of bioweapons through a quality-assured laboratory response.

The cascade of innovations in biotechnology opens new pathways for biological warfare. The international laboratory network being developed under the UN Secretary-General’s Mechanism could provide vital evidence in case of an alleged biological attack.

SABRE and PHIP pumped RASER and the route to chaos.

In a RASER (Radio-frequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation), the fast relaxing electromagnetic modes of an LC resonator are enslaved by the slow nuclear spin motion, whose coherence decays with the transverse relaxation rate γ=1/T. Such a system obeys the slaving principle, mathematically identical with the adiabatic elimination procedure, leading to multi-mode RASER equations. If the pumping rate of nuclear spin polarization Γ>>γ, a second adiabatic elimination process applies and the spectral properties of the RASER can be predicted.

The Needle in the Haystack-Searching for Genetic and Epigenetic Differences in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Tetralogy of Fallot.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defect in human with an incidence of almost 1% of all live births. Most cases have a multifactorial origin with both genetics and the environment playing a role in its development and progression. Adding an epigenetic component to this aspect is exemplified by monozygotic twins which share the same genetic background but have a different disease status.

Complete Genome Sequence of Francisella tularensis subsp. Strain A271_1 (FDC408), Isolated from a Eurasian Beaver (Castor fiber).

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of subsp. strain A271_1, isolated from a Eurasian beaver () in 2012 in the Berlin/Brandenburg region, Germany.

Zoonotic infection with swine A/H1N1 influenza virus in a child, Germany, June 2020.

A zoonotic A/sw/H1N1 1C.2.2 influenza virus infection was detected in a German child that presented with influenza-like illness, including high fever.

Subspecies and Tularemia in Germany.

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by a small, pleomorphic, facultative intracellular bacterium. In Europe, infections in animals and humans are caused mainly by subspecies . Humans can be exposed to the pathogen directly and indirectly through contact with sick animals, carcasses, mosquitoes and ticks, environmental sources such as contaminated water or soil, and food.

Assessment of biorisk management systems in high containment laboratories, 18 countries in Europe, 2016 and 2017.

Europe-wide activities to improve biosafety and biosecurity performed within the frameworks of the European Union (EU)-funded Joint Actions EMERGE and QUANDHIP led to the development of an Integrated European Checklist for Laboratory Biorisk Management (ECL).To better understand different approaches shaping biorisk management (BRM) systems on an operational level in high containment laboratories, the ECL was used to map the implementation of BRM in 32 high containment laboratories in 18 countries in Europe. The results suggest that the BRM elements referring to standard microbiological working practices and the handling of infectious material were fulfilled particularly well.

Induced pluripotent stem cells of patients with Tetralogy of Fallot reveal transcriptional alterations in cardiomyocyte differentiation.

Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (ps-iPSCs) and their differentiated cell types are a powerful model system to gain insight into mechanisms driving early developmental and disease-associated regulatory networks. In this study, we use ps-iPSCs to gain insights into Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), which represents the most common cyanotic heart defect in humans. iPSCs were generated and further differentiated to cardiomyocytes (CMs) using standard methods from two well-characterized TOF patients and their healthy relatives serving as controls.

SABRE polarized low field rare-spin spectroscopy.

High-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an indispensable technique for identification and characterization of chemicals and biomolecular structures. In the vast majority of NMR experiments, nuclear spin polarization arises from thermalization in multi-Tesla magnetic fields produced by superconducting magnets. In contrast, NMR instruments operating at low magnetic fields are emerging as a compact, inexpensive, and highly accessible alternative but suffer from low thermal polarization at a low field strength and consequently a low signal.

Parahydrogen-Induced Radio Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

Radio amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (RASER) was recently discovered in a low-field NMR spectrometer incorporating a highly specialized radio-frequency resonator, where a high degree of proton-spin polarization was achieved by reversible parahydrogen exchange. RASER activity, which results from the coherent coupling between the nuclear spins and the inductive detector, can overcome the limits of frequency resolution in NMR. Here we show that this phenomenon is not limited to low magnetic fields or the use of resonators with high-quality factors.

Altered microRNA and target gene expression related to Tetralogy of Fallot.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in guiding development and maintaining function of the human heart. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to various congenital heart diseases including Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), which represents the most common cyanotic heart malformation in humans. Several studies have identified dysregulated miRNAs in right ventricular (RV) tissues of TOF patients.

Genetic Diversity and Spatial Segregation of Subspecies in Germany.

is an intracellular pleomorphic bacterium and the causative agent of tularemia, a zoonotic disease with a wide host range. Among the subspecies, especially subsp. is of clinical relevance for European countries.

From LASER physics to the para-hydrogen pumped RASER.

The properties of the LASER with respect to self-organization are compared with the key features of the p-H pumped RASER. According to LASER theory the equations of motion for the LASER can be derived from the enslaving principle, i.e.