Extremely high unbound flucloxacillin concentrations in a patient with acute septic renal failure during continuous venovenous hemofiltration: Therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize treatment.

A 75-year-old female orthopedic patient with spondylodiscitis was admitted to the intensive care unit, where she developed severe acute renal injury (AKI) due to a bloodstream infection. Continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) was initiated as renal replacement therapy. According to physician experience and based on (inter)national guidelines and the severity of the infection, treatment with intravenous (IV) flucloxacillin at an initial continuous dose of 9 g/24h was started.

Study protocol for the randomized controlled EVA (early vascular adjustments) trial: tailored treatment of mild hypertension in pregnancy to prevent severe hypertension and preeclampsia.

Background: In contrast to severe gestational hypertension, it is questioned whether antihypertensive medication for mild to moderate gestational hypertension prevents adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. Hypertensive drugs halve the risk of severe hypertension, but do not seem to prevent progression to preeclampsia or reduce the risk of complications in offspring. In fact, beta-blockers, a first line therapy option, are suspected to impair foetal growth.

Insight into the mechanism of an iron dioxygenase by resolution of steps following the FeIV=HO species.

Iron oxygenases generate elusive transient oxygen species to catalyze substrate oxygenation in a wide range of metabolic processes. Here we resolve the reaction sequence and structures of such intermediates for the archetypal non-heme Fe(II) and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase TauD. Time-resolved Raman spectra of the initial species with (16)O(18)O oxygen unequivocally establish the Fe(IV) horizontal lineO structure.

Electron transfer reactions of peroxydisulfate and fluoroxysulfate reactions with the cyanide complexes M(CN)n4- (M=Fe(II), Ru(II), Os(II), Mo(IV), and W(IV)).

The stoichiometry and the kinetics of oxidation of the cyanide complexes M(CN)n4- (M = Fe(II), Ru(II), Os(II), Mo(IV), and W(IV)) by the peroxydisulfate ion, S2O8(2-), and by the much more strongly oxidizing fluoroxysulfate ion, SO4F-, were studied in aqueous solutions containing Li+. Reactions of S2O8(2-) with M(CN)n4- are known to be strongly catalyzed by Li+ and other alkali metal ions, and this applies also to the corresponding reactions of SO4F-. The primary reactions of S2O8(2-) and SO4F- have both been found to be one-electron processes in which the equally strong O-O and O-F bonds are broken.

The intrinsic stability of the second intermediate following the dioxygen-bound form in the O2 reduction by cytochrome c oxidase.

Aeration of a two-electron reduced cytochrome c oxidase provides a species with two Raman bands at 804 and 356 cm(-1), identifying it as the second intermediate following the O2-bound species in the enzymatic O2 reduction process. It degrades directly to the fully oxidized form with a half-life time of 70 min at pH 8.0.

Attachment experiences transformed into language.

This exploratory study examined the linguistic components of adults' narratives on their attachment experiences, focusing on the process of transformation of the nonverbal experience into language. Securely attached mothers were found to differ significantly from insecurely attached mothers on cognitive ability to connect between experience and language. Results support the notion that language becomes the dynamic tool through which the individual negotiates meaning and transforms the nonverbal organized pattern of relatedness.

A frequently occurring mutation in the lipoprotein lipase gene (Asn291Ser) contributes to the expression of familial combined hyperlipidemia.

We performed denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of exons 4, 5, 6 and their exon-intron boundaries of the LPL-gene in 169 unrelated male patients suffering from familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). Twenty patients were found to carry a nucleotide substitution in exon 6. Sequence and PCR/digestion analysis revealed one common mutation (Asn291Ser) in all these cases.

Selective resonance Raman observation of the "607 nm" form generated in the reaction of oxidized cytochrome c oxidase with hydrogen peroxide.

Resonance Raman spectra were measured selectively for the "607 nm" form, which had been assigned to a peroxy intermediate formed in the reaction of oxidized cytochrome c oxidase with hydrogen peroxide at ambient temperature. A single oxygen isotope-sensitive band was found at 803 cm-1 for the reaction with H2(16)O2 (at 769 cm-1 with H2(18)O2) upon excitation at 607 nm, the wavelength of the difference absorption maximum characteristic of the "peroxy" intermediate. Upon excitation at shorter wavelengths (down to 580 nm), the Raman spectrum simply became weaker without yielding any new features.

Resolution of the reaction sequence during the reduction of O2 by cytochrome oxidase.

Time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the reduction of dioxygen by the mitochondrial enzyme, cytochrome oxidase. In agreement with earlier reports, Fe(2+)-O2 and Fe(3+)-OH- are detected in the initial and final stages of the reaction, respectively. Two additional intermediates, a peroxy [Fe(3+)-O(-)-O-(H)] and a ferryl (Fe4+ = O), occur transiently.

Synthesis of radiofluorinated analogs of m-tyrosine as potential L-dopa tracers via direct reaction with acetylhypofluorite.

The direct electrophilic radiofluorination of m-tyrosine using [18F]acetylhypofluorite was investigated. Results showed that this reaction was both rapid and efficient with recovered decay corrected yield of 71% radiofluorinated m-tyrosines based on starting [18F]acetylhypofluorite. Specific activity of the product obtained in this study was 100-200 mCi/mmol although 1-5 Ci/mmol are easily achievable with our improved production of [18F]AcOF.

Catechol formation of fluoro- and bromo-substituted estradiols by hamster liver microsomes. Evidence for dehalogenation.

We have examined the validity of using fluorine-substituted estrogens as probes to assess the significance of 2- and 4-hydroxylation in estrogen-induced carcinogenesis in the hamster. Liver microsomes from castrated hamsters were incubated with 2-fluoro-, 4-fluoro-, or 2,4-difluoroestradiols and analogous bromo-substituted estradiols to determine the extent of 2- and 4-hydroxylation with these substrates. Estrogen 2- and 4-hydroxylase activity was determined by radioenzymatic assay, and the 3H-labeled monomethyl ether products were identified by high performance liquid chromatography.