Overview of selected completed prospective studies on PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Theranostics in nuclear oncology combines diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using radiotracers to target tumor cells. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a key target in metastatic prostate cancer, and the radioligand [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, which binds to PSMA, has shown promising results in treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), leading to its approval by the European Medicines Agency in 2022.In this narrative review, the current evidence of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in mCRPC was discussed in the context of selected studies and the joint EANM/SNMMI guidelines for Lutetium-177-labeled PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy.

Discrimination of benign, atypical, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1 - intraindividual comparison of positron emission computed tomography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: To intraindividually compare the diagnostic performance of positron emission computed tomography (F-18-FDG-PET/CT) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in a non-inferiority design for the discrimination of peripheral nerve sheath tumours as benign (BPNST), atypical (ANF), or malignant (MPNST) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Results: In this prospective single-centre study, thirty-four NF1 patients (18 male; 30 ± 11 years) underwent F-18-FDG-PET/CT and multi-b-value DW-MRI (11 b-values 0 - 800 s/mm²) at 3T. Sixty-six lesions corresponding to 39 BPNST, 11 ANF, and 16 MPNST were evaluated.

Magnetic Field Effect on the Electric and Dielectric Properties of the Linear Magnetoelectric Compound CoNbO.

Using Green's function theory and a microscopic model, the multiferroic properties of Co4Nb2O9 are investigated theoretically. There are some discrepancies in the discussion of the electric and dielectric behavior of CNO with and without external magnetic fields. We try to clarify them.

Reliable diagnosis of nigrostriatal degeneration by dopamine transporter SPECT despite drug interaction with venlafaxine or bupropion.

Purpose: This study examined the impact of venlafaxine and bupropion on the detection of nigrostriatal degeneration by dopamine transporter (DAT)-SPECT.

Methods: 43 patients (70.7 ± 8.

Incorporating label uncertainty during the training of convolutional neural networks improves performance for the discrimination between certain and inconclusive cases in dopamine transporter SPECT.

Purpose: Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) hold promise for assisting the interpretation of dopamine transporter (DAT)-SPECT. For improved communication of uncertainty to the user it is crucial to reliably discriminate certain from inconclusive cases that might be misclassified by strict application of a predefined decision threshold on the CNN output. This study tested two methods to incorporate existing label uncertainty during the training to improve the utility of the CNN sigmoid output for this task.

Multiferroic and Phonon Properties of the Double Perovskite PrFeAlO.

With the help of a microscopic model and Green's function technique, we studied the multiferroic and phonon properties of the recently reported new multiferroic PrFeAlO (PFAO) compound, which belongs to the double perovskite ABB'O family. The magnetization decreases with the increase in temperature and disappears at the ferromagnetic Curie temperature TCFM. The polarization increases with the application of an external magnetic field, indicating strong magnetoelectric coupling and confirming the multiferroic behavior of PFAO.

Theoretical Study of the Multiferroic Properties of Pure and Ion-Doped PbF, = Fe, Cr, Al.

In a first theoretical investigation of the multiferroic properties of Pb5Fe3F19 (PFF) and Pb5Cr3F19 (PCF), we analyze their magnetic, ferroelectric, and dielectric characteristics as functions of temperature, magnetic field, and ion doping concentration using a microscopic model and Green's function theory. The temperature-dependent polarization in PFF and PCF shows a distinctive kink at the magnetic Neel temperature TN, which vanishes when an external magnetic field is applied, indicating the multiferroic behavior of these two compounds. Ion doping effectively tunes the properties of PFF and PCF.

A Theoretical Study of the Effects of Co-Doping Ions at K and Nb Sites on the Properties of KNbO Nanoparticles.

Using a microscopic model and Green's function theory, we have investigated the co-doping effect on ferroelectric KNbO nanoparticles. Let us emphasize that while the doping with transition metal ions at the Nb site leads an increase in the ferromagnetism and a reduction the band gap, it also decreases the ferroelectricity. On the other hand, doping with La or Ba at the K site leads to enhanced polarization, but does not lead to the appearance of ferromagnetism and reduction in the band gap.

Theoretical Study of Co-Doping Effects with Different Ions on the Multiferroic Properties of BiFeO Nanoparticles.

Using a microscopic model and the Green's function theory, the size and co-doping effects on the multiferroic and optical (band gap) properties of BiFeO (BFO) nanoparticles are investigated. The magnetization increases, whereas the band gap energy decreases with decreasing nanoparticle size. The substitution with Co/Mn, Nd/Sm, Ce/Ni, and Cd/Ni is discussed and explained on a microscopic level.

Brain perfusion SPECT in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy: is additional ictal SPECT required in case of high-confidence lateralization of the seizure onset zone by interictal SPECT and vice versa?

Background: Ictal brain perfusion SPECT provides higher sensitivity for the identification of the epileptic seizure onset zone (SOZ) than interictal SPECT. However, ictal SPECT is demanding due to the unpredictable waiting period for the next seizure to allow for ictal tracer injection. Thus, starting with an interictal scan and skipping the ictal scan if the interictal scan provides a SOZ candidate with high confidence could be an efficient approach.

Added value of FDG-PET for detection of progressive supranuclear palsy.

Background: Diagnostic criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) include midbrain atrophy in MRI and hypometabolism in [F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) as supportive features. Due to limited data regarding their relative and sequential value, there is no recommendation for an algorithm to combine both modalities to increase diagnostic accuracy. This study evaluated the added value of sequential imaging using state-of-the-art methods to analyse the images regarding PSP features.

Organ and tumor dosimetry including method simplification for [Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T for treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer.

Background: Internal dosimetry in individual patients is essential for safe and effective radioligand therapy. Multiple time point imaging for accurate dosimetry is time consuming and hence can be demanding for nuclear medicine departments as well as patients. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess absorbed doses to organs at risk and tumor lesions for [Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T using whole body SPECT imaging and (2) to investigate possible simplified dosimetry protocols.

Meso-scale environmental heterogeneity drives plant trait distributions in fragmented dry grasslands.

Environmental heterogeneity shapes the patterns of resources and limiting factors and therefore can be an important driver of plant community composition through the selection of the most adaptive functional traits. In this study, we explored plant trait-environment relationships in environmentally heterogeneous microsite complexes at the meso-scale (few meters), and used ancient Bulgarian and Hungarian burial mounds covered by dry grasslands as a model habitat. We assessed within-site trait variability typical of certain microsites with different combinations of environmental parameters (mound slopes with different aspects, mound tops, and surrounding plain grasslands) using a dataset of 480 vegetation plots.

Theoretical Study of the Phonon Energy and Specific Heat of Ion-Doped LiCsSO-Bulk and Nanoparticles.

Using a microscopic model, the temperature dependence of two phonon modes, ω0 = 32 cm and 72 cm, and their damping of the ferroelastic LiCsSO compound, are calculated within Green's function technique. It is observed that the first mode increases whereas the second one decreases with increasing temperature . This different behavior is explained with different sign of the anharmonic spin-phonon interaction constant.

Theoretical Study of the Phonon and Electrical Conductivity Properties of Pure and Sr-Doped LaMnO Thin Films.

The film thickness, temperature, substrate and doping dependence of the phonon energy ω and damping γ, as well as the electrical conductivity, of pure and Sr-doped LaMnO thin films near the phase transition temperature TN are investigated using a microscopic model and the Green's function technique. Due to the strong spin-phonon interaction, there appears a kink at TN in the temperature dependence of ω(T) and γ(T). The softening and hardening of the ω = 495 cm (A) and ω = 614 cm (B) modes is explained by the different sign of the anharmonic spin-phonon interaction constant .

Theoretical Study of the Magnetic and Optical Properties of Ion-Doped LiPO ( = Fe, Ni, Co, Mn).

Using a microscopic model and Green's function theory, we calculated the magnetization and band-gap energy in ion-doped LiPO (LPO), where = Fe, Ni, Co, Mn. Ion doping, such as with Nb, Ti, or Al ions at the Li site, induces weak ferromagnetism in LiFePO. Substituting Li with ions of a smaller radius, such as Nb, Ti, or Al, creates compressive strain, resulting in increased exchange interaction constants and a decreased band-gap energy, Eg, in the doped material.

Short post-injection seizure duration is associated with reduced power of ictal brain perfusion SPECT to lateralize the seizure onset zone.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the post-injection electrical seizure duration on the identification of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) in ictal brain perfusion SPECT in presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy.

Methods: 176 ictal SPECT performed with Tc-HMPAO (n = 140) or -ECD (n = 36) were included retrospectively. Visual interpretation of the SPECT images (together with individual MRI and statistical hyperperfusion maps) with respect to lateralization (right, left, none) and localization (temporal, frontal, parietal, occipital) of the SOZ was performed by 3 independent readers.

Theoretical Study of Electric, Dielectric, and Optical Properties in Ion Doped Multiferroic SrFeO Nanoparticles.

Electric, dielectric, and optical (band gap) properties of pure multiferroic as well as La- and Ni-doped SrFe12O19 (SFO) (at different sites) are investigated using a microscopic model and Green's function technique. The concentration dependence of the polarization is considered for substitution of rare earths ions on the Sr sites. For a small La ion doping concentration, = 0.

Band Gap and Polarization Tuning of Ion-Doped NbO ( = Li, K, Na, Ag) for Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Applications.

Using a microscopic model and Green's function theory, we have calculated the band gap energy and the polarization of LiNbO, KNbO, AgNbO, and NaNbO. The effects by substitution of different ions at A or/and B sites for doping concentration = 0-0.1 are studied.

Origin of Multiferroism in VOX (X = Cl, Br, I) Monolayers.

Based on the proposed microscopic model, we investigate the multiferroic characteristics of VOX (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers using a Green's function method. The dependence of the microscopic parameters of the ferroelectric system (pseudo-spin arrangement and flipping rate) on the magnitude and sign of the exchange magnetic interaction along the -axis and the value of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moria vector have been investigated and qualitatively explained. The possibility of observing a spin-reorientation transition with a change in the character of spin ordering from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic is investigated.

Discrimination of benign, atypical, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1 using diffusion-weighted MRI.

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with the development of benign (BPNST) and malignant (MPNST) peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Recently described atypical neurofibromas (ANF) are considered pre-malignant precursor lesions to MPNSTs. Previous studies indicate that diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) can reliably discriminate MPNSTs from BPNSTs.

Decreased mebrofenin uptake in patients with non-colorectal liver tumors requiring liver volume augmentation-a single-center analysis.

Background: Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) remains a life-threatening complication after hepatectomy. To reduce PHLF, a preoperative assessment of liver function is indispensable. For this purpose, Tc-mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy with SPECT (MSPECT) can be used.

Increased off-target binding of [18F]florbetaben in the skull of women with reduced skull density.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between off-target binding of the amyloid tracer [F]florbetaben (FBB) in the skull and skull density.

Methods: Forty-three consecutive patients were included retrospectively (age 70.2±7.

Removing outliers from the normative database improves regional atrophy detection in single-subject voxel-based morphometry.

Purpose: Single-subject voxel-based morphometry (VBM) compares an individual T1-weighted MRI to a sample of normal MRI in a normative database (NDB) to detect regional atrophy. Outliers in the NDB might result in reduced sensitivity of VBM. The primary aim of the current study was to propose a method for outlier removal ("NDB cleaning") and to test its impact on the performance of VBM for detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).

Dopamine Transporter SPECT with 12-Minute Scan Duration Using Multiple-Pinhole Collimators.

This study evaluated the potential to reduce the scan duration in dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT when using a second-generation multiple-pinhole (MPH) collimator designed for brain SPECT with improved count sensitivity and improved spatial resolution compared with parallel-hole and fanbeam collimators. The retrospective study included 640 consecutive clinical DAT SPECT studies that had been acquired in list mode with a triple-head SPECT system with MPH collimators and a 30-min net scan duration after injection of 181 ± 10 MBq of [I]FP-CIT. Raw data corresponding to scan durations of 20, 15, 12, 8, 6, and 4 min were obtained by restricting the events to a proportionally reduced time interval of the list-mode data for each projection angle.