Unraveling Anatomical Variations of the Acromioclavicular Joint: A Comprehensive Inquiry Into Their Impact on Instability.

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint, an essential element in the complex biomechanics of the shoulder, displays a diverse range of anatomical variations among individuals. This review aimed to study and present these variations. A detailed search was conducted on the PubMed medical database by using the terms "acromioclavicular joint variations".

Complications Following Short Femoral Nail Fixation for Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures: A Retrospective Study.

The incidence of proximal femur fractures is increasing due to aging of the population. Intramedullary nails are the mainstay of treatment for intertrochanteric hip fractures mainly due to their better biomechanical properties compared to dynamic hip screw devices, shorter operative time, and less blood loss during surgery. However intramedullary nail fixation is not devoid of complications.

Scapholunate Advanced Collapse (SLAC) and Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse (SNAC): A Review of Treatment Options for Stage II.

Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) represent clinical entities identified by a pattern of predictable degenerative changes. They are the most common causes of wrist arthritis. Both entities can remain asymptomatic for many years and may go undiagnosed.

dCas13-mediated translational repression for accurate gene silencing in mammalian cells.

Current gene silencing tools based on RNA interference (RNAi) or, more recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‒Cas13 systems have critical drawbacks, such as off-target effects (RNAi) or collateral mRNA cleavage (CRISPR‒Cas13). Thus, a more specific method of gene knockdown is needed. Here, we develop CRISPRδ, an approach for translational silencing, harnessing catalytically inactive Cas13 proteins (dCas13).

The Distal Oblique Bundle in the Distal Forearm: From Anatomical Features to Clinical Implementation.

Background and objective The distal oblique bundle (DOB) is nowadays recognized as the thickest component of the distal interosseous membrane (DIOM). It is neither thought to be a clear-cut ligament, and nor does it follow the typical configuration of the rest of the DIOM. It is not always present and some studies have raised disputes about its prevalence and a few anatomical features.

The Need for Persistence in the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Mono-arthritis: A Unique Case Presentation.

Although tuberculosis (TB) is considered to be a common disease confined to undeveloped or developing countries, it may also appear in countries that accept great migrant influx from endemic areas. In terms of the skeletal system, it can be involved in 1-6% of tuberculosis patients while the knee joint is the third most frequently affected site after spine and hip. Given that systemic symptoms are present in only one-third of patients with skeletal tuberculosis and secondary septic arthritis, TB is often indolent and diagnosis can hence be missed or delayed.

Prognostic Value of Serum Biomarkers in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Relation to Disease Progression.

Background: The aim of this present study was to determine serum biomarker levels and their correlation with respiratory function and the clinical course of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Materials And Methods: This study included 72 IPF patients, according to the ATS/ERS criteria, in whom antifibrotic treatment was initiated. Blood samples were taken, and serum biomarkers, such as KL-6, SP-D, CCL18, CXCL13, VEGF-A, IL-8, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-7 and ICAM-1 were measured using ELISA methodology.

Larsen Syndrome and Associated Spinal Deformities.

Larsen syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue within the body. The present narrative review aims to examine the genetic basis of Larsen syndrome, clarify its symptoms, and define all the existing therapeutic approaches. A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed database.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital Admissions and Workload in a Major Trauma Center.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to important restrictions in social life of civilians worldwide and there were lower admission rates mainly in surgical departments in many hospitals. This study presents how COVID-19 pandemic affected admissions at the orthopaedic and trauma surgery department of a major trauma center. A retrospective study was conducted that recorded all patients examined at the outpatient orthopaedic clinic and the emergency orthopaedic department, as well as patients admitted to the orthopaedic surgery clinic and patients that underwent operative procedures between March 23 and May 4, 2020 (first lockdown period) and between March 23 and May 4, 2019 (control period).

Surgical Removal of Bone Bridge and Interposition of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis in the Treatment of Calcaneonavicular Coalition in Pediatric Patients: A Case Series, Short Review, and Commentary.

This study retrospectively presents a single-clinic case series of pediatric patients with calcaneonavicular coalition treated by surgical removal of the bone bridge and interposition of the extensor digitorum brevis. This technique is currently the most cited and utilized protocol in operative treatment. Clinical, functional, and radiological results are analyzed and compared with related research.

Eosinophilic Asthma, Phenotypes-Endotypes and Current Biomarkers of Choice.

Asthma phenotyping and endotyping are constantly evolving. Currently, several biologic agents have been developed towards a personalized approach to asthma management. This review will focus on different eosinophilic phenotypes and Th2-associated endotypes with eosinophilic inflammation.

Variations of Ulnar Nerve in the Forearm and Hand: A Review of the Literature and Clinical Significance.

The ulnar nerve originates from the anterior division of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus which continues as the medial cord and gives off branches to the forearm and the hand with motor and sensory fibers. The objective of the current study is to assemble the recognized anatomical variations of the ulnar nerve (UN) and underline their clinical impact. A literature search was undertaken via PubMed database, using the term: "ulnar nerve AND variations.

Into the matrix: current methods for mitochondrial translation studies.

In addition to the cytoplasmic translation system, eukaryotic cells house additional protein synthesis machinery in mitochondria. The importance of this in organello translation is exemplified by clinical pathologies associated with mutations in mitochondrial translation factors. Although a detailed understanding of mitochondrial translation has long been awaited, quantitative, comprehensive and spatiotemporal measurements have posed analytic challenges.

Rural/urban weight-loss outcomes following bariatric surgery.

Obesity disproportionately affects rural populations; however, there is limited research examining disparities in bariatric surgery outcomes between patients from rural versus urban areas. This study aimed to compare the demographic characteristics of patients undergoing bariatric surgery from rural versus urban bariatric areas and to explore differences in weight-loss outcomes between these groups. A retrospective chart review identified a sample of 170 patients (52 rural, 118 urban) who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or vertical sleeve gastrectomy procedures over a 1-year period.

Distraction Osteogenesis Technique for the Management of a Gustillo Type I Tibial Shaft Fracture Initially Managed with an Intramedullary Nail Device.

Fractures of the tibia shaft are the most common long bone fractures, especially in young male adults. Due to specific anatomical features, these fractures are more common than any other long-bone fracture. This is one of the main reasons they are associated with twice the incidences of deep infection compared with any other bone and can be combined with the presence of segmental bone defect.

The Facts and Myths for the Use of Lasers in Orthopedic Surgery.

For the past three decades, laser use has been investigated, mainly on implant applications, as well as hard and soft tissue processing on orthopedics. However, despite significant technological advances and achievements in Biophotonics, lasers have yet to emerge as a successful tool for hard-tissue manipulation (e.g.

Fusobacterium Nucleatum Causing Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Neck, Thorax, and Upper Limb: A Lemierre's-Like Case Presentation.

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare "flesh-eating" entity with a high mortality rate due to late diagnosis. More specifically, this disease is deemed to be a subset of the aggressive skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) resulting in necrosis of the muscle fascia and subcutaneous tissues. It is usually caused by Gram-positive cocci specifically strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococci or the combination of Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.

Circulating tumor necrosis factor-α levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and a meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: To synthesize data on circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels between patients with histologically confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (simple steatosis or non-alcoholic fatty liver [NAFL] and/or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]) and controls.

Methods: We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Fifty-six studies, published between 2003 and 2019, were finally included, reporting data from 5848 individuals (1634 controls and 4214 NAFLD patients).

Primary Extranodal Skeletal-Muscle Non-Hodgkin B Cell Lymphoma: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Approach.

Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas that involve skeletal muscles (PSML) are infrequent with non- specific features or symptoms. Therefore, their diagnosis can be immensely convoluted since they mimic other soft tissue tumors and diseases (34). In this study, the case of a 61-year-old male patient, who presented with a history of a 6-week left thigh oedema and concomitant pain in our Emergency Department, is discussed.

Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing in Orthopedics Education.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a newly established concept in orthopedics compared with other industries. Surgical applications of 3D printing and tissue engineering have been investigated since the early 2000s, almost two decades after Charles Hull had patented the first device currently in use for additive manufacturing, also known as rapid prototyping or more commonly 3D printing, and whose initial formal appellation was stereolithography (SLA). Despite technological progress, substantial principles have largely remained unaltered.

Anatomical Variations of the Left Subclavian Artery and Their Significance in Clinical Practice.

We study variations of the aortic arch (AA) and its first branches, the brachiocephalic, common carotid, and subclavian arteries. Specifically, we describe anatomical variations of the left subclavian artery (LSA) and their significance in clinical practice. Such variations are commonly associated with congenital anomalies of the right-sided AA (RAA) and/or great vessels.

Bilateral Simultaneous Proximal Tibial Insufficiency Fractures in a Patient Suffering From Psoriatic Arthritis.

Bilateral synchronous proximal tibia insufficiency fractures are rarely reported. We present a case of simultaneous proximal tibia bilateral insufficiency fractures in a 51-year-old female patient with underlying psoriatic arthritis, who was on chronic steroid medication. She reported sudden onset of bilateral knee pain after intense workout one week ago.

Lower Limb Pain Attributed to Bone Marrow Edema Syndrome: A Commonly Ignored Pathology.

Bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) is a highly uncommon, self-limited syndrome of unclear etiology. The syndrome most commonly affects middle-aged men. Magnetic resonance imaging is essential for the diagnosis because of the characteristic pattern of bone marrow edema.