Reproducibility and discrimination of different indices of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion.

Aims: Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion can be estimated by multiple indices from fasting blood samples or blood samples obtained during oral glucose tolerance tests. The test-retest reliability of these indices in repeated measurements within the same individuals can strongly vary.

Methods: We analyzed data of persons without diabetes who underwent two repeated OGTTs.

Influence of Spinal Cord Stimulation on Insulin Sensitivity in Chronic Pain Patients.

Background And Objective: This prospective, sham-controlled, randomized, cross-over study (NCT03637075), was designed to test the hypothesis that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for the treatment of pain can also improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity when compared to sham stimulation.

Methods: Ten non-diabetic participants (5 females, mean age 48.8 years) who had an SCS system implanted for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain were studied.

Determinants of hepatic insulin clearance - Results from a Mendelian Randomization study.

Aims/hypothesis: Besides insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes associates with decreased hepatic insulin clearance (HIC). We now tested for causal relationship of HIC to liver fat accumulation or features of the metabolic syndrome.

Methods: HIC was derived from oral glucose tolerance tests with the "Oral C-peptide and Insulin Minimal Models" (n = 3311).

The TUDID Study - Background and Design of a Prospective Cohort.

Prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is growing worldwide and one major cause for morbidity and mortality. However, not every patient develops diabetes-related complications, but causes for the individual susceptibility are still not fully understood. As a platform to address this, we initiated the TUDID (TUebingen DIabetes Database) study, a prospective, monocentric, observational study that includes adults with diabetes mellitus who are treated in the inpatient clinic of a University Hospital in southern Germany.

Clinical Impact of the TCF7L2 Gene rs7903146 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Polymorphism in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Impaired Glycemic Control and Increased Need of Insulin Therapy.

Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism in rs7903146 is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus. Mechanisms by which this mutation acts, and its impact on the clinical course of the diseases remain unclear. Here we investigated the clinical impact of the T risk allele in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Genetic Variation in the 11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase 1 Gene Determines NAFLD and Visceral Obesity.

Context/objective: Acute pharmacological inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1), which converts cortisone into the much more potent cortisol in peripheral tissues, results in reduction of total, visceral, and liver fat but not insulin resistance. We now investigated whether lifelong alterations of 11β-HSD1 activity similarly affect these cardiometabolic risk parameters by studying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 11β-HSD1-coding gene (HSD11B1).

Design/methods: Liver fat content was measured by H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and total and visceral fat mass by H-magnetic resonance tomography in 327 subjects.

Variation in the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Gamma Gene Affects Plasma HDL-Cholesterol without Modification of Metabolic or Inflammatory Markers.

Objective: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is a G-protein-coupled receptor-activated lipid kinase mainly expressed in leukocytes and cells of the cardiovascular system. PI3Kγ plays an important signaling role in inflammatory processes. Since subclinical inflammation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, obesity-related insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell failure, we asked whether common genetic variation in the PI3Kγ gene (PIK3CG) contributes to body fat content/distribution, serum adipokine/cytokine concentrations, alterations in plasma lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, insulin release, and glucose homeostasis.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) modulates free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) dependent insulin secretion in humans.

Genetic variation in FFAR1 modulates insulin secretion dependent on non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. We previously demonstrated lower insulin secretion in minor allele carriers of PPARG Pro12Ala in high-NEFA environment, but the mode of action could not been revealed. We tested if this effect is mediated by FFAR1 in humans.