Synthesis and Isolation of Phenol- and Thiol-Derived Epicatechin Adducts Prepared from Avocado Peel Procyanidins Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography and the Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity.

Polyphenols from agro-food waste represent a valuable source of bioactive molecules that can be recovered to be used for their functional properties. Another option is to use them as starting material to generate molecules with new and better properties through semi-synthesis. A proanthocyanidin-rich (PACs) extract from avocado peels was used to prepare several semi-synthetic derivatives of epicatechin by acid cleavage in the presence of phenol and thiol nucleophiles.

Identification and Characterization of Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BI-59.1 Isolated from tejuino and Its Capacity to Produce Biofilms.

Tejuino is a popular and traditional beverage consumed in north and western of Mexico, due to its biological properties, it is considered a natural source of probiotics. Nevertheless, few studies have been performed on Tejuino microbiota. In this work, the probiotic potential of the tejuino isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BI-59.

Can Probiotics, Particularly UCO-979C and UCO-25A, Be Preventive Alternatives against SARS-CoV-2?

COVID-19, an infection produced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in humans, has rapidly spread to become a high-mortality pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus characterized by infecting epithelial cells of the intestine and lungs, binding to the ACE2 receptor present on epithelial cells. COVID-19 treatment is based on antivirals and antibiotics against symptomatology in addition to a successful preventive strategy based on vaccination.

Isolation and characterization of A14.2, a strain with immunomodulating activity on .

Considering the economic and environmental role played by bees and their present threats it is necessary to develop food supplements favoring their health. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize an immunomodulating probiotic capable to improve the health of honeybee colonies. For this purpose, bacterial strains were isolated from bees (N = 180) obtained at three apiaries.

The Ability of Postimmunobiotics from CRL1505 to Protect against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Pneumococcal Super-Infection Is a Strain-Dependent Characteristic.

Previously, we demonstrated that the non-viable strain CRL1505 (NV1505) or its purified peptidoglycan (PG1505) differentially modulated the respiratory innate antiviral immune response triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 activation in infant mice, improving the resistance to primary respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and secondary pneumococcal pneumonia. In this work, we evaluated the effect of other non-viable strains and their peptidoglycans on the respiratory immune response and their impact on primary and secondary respiratory infections. In addition, the duration of the protective effect induced by NV1505 and PG1505 as well as their ability to protect against different serotypes were evaluated.

Selenium Nanoparticle-Enriched and Potential Probiotic, S14 Strain, a Diet Supplement Beneficial for Rainbow Trout.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), obtained from rainbow trout () intestine, were cultured in MRS medium and probiotic candidates. Concurrently, producers of elemental selenium nanoparticles (SeNps) were selected. Probiotic candidates were subjected to morphological characterization and the following tests: antibacterial activity, antibiotic susceptibility, hemolytic activity, catalase, hydrophobicity, viability at low pH, and tolerance to bile salts.

Consumption of a Gelatin Supplemented with the Probiotic Strain UCO-979C Prevents Infection in a Young Adult Population Achieved.

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium associated with various gastrointestinal diseases of high worldwide prevalence. Since probiotics are an emerging alternative to managing infection by this pathogenic bacterium, the present work evaluated, in a randomized double-blind study controlled by a placebo, if consuming Limosilactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C prevents H. pylori infection in humans.

An Anaerobic Environment Drives the Harboring of within Yeast Cells.

protects itself from stressful environments by forming biofilms, changing its morphology, or invading eukaryotic cells, including yeast cells. There is little knowledge about the environmental factors that influence the endosymbiotic relationship between bacterium and yeasts. Here, we studied if oxygen availability stimulated the growth of within and if this was a bacterial- or yeast strain-dependent relationship.

Selenium Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by and Their Effects on Cellular and Physiological Parameters in the Rainbow Trout .

The applications of nanoparticles (Nps) as food additives, health enhancers, and antimicrobials in animal production are increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selenium (Se) nanoparticles (SeNps) stabilized with L-cysteine (SeNps/L-Cys), as a nutritional supplement, on immunological, oxidative status, and productive parameters in TEM and SEM-EDS showed the accumulation of spherical SeNps entirely composed by elemental selenium (Se) as intracellular and extracellular deposits in UC-32 strain. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of SeNps/L-Cys was significant more efficient ROS scavengers than SeNps and NaSeO.

Incorporation of UCO-979C with Anti- and Immunomodulatory Activities in Various Ice Cream Bases.

UCO-979C is a probiotic strain possessing anti- and immunomodulatory activity. The aim of this work was to examine if this strain maintains its probiotic properties and its viability when added to dairy-based ice creams (cookies and cream, Greek yogurt, and chocolate with brownie) or to fruit-based ice creams (pineapple and raspberry) stored at -18 °C for 90 days. The probiotic anti- activity using the well diffusion test, its immunomodulatory activity was measured using transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β) cytokine production by human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells, and its viability was measured using the microdrop technique.

Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Parasite-Fauna of Wild Smitt, 1898 Captured at the South-Central Coast of Chile.

has a discontinuous circumpolar geographic distribution restricted to mountains and platforms, mainly in Subantarctic and Antarctic waters of the southern hemisphere, including the Southeast Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans and in areas surrounding the peninsular platforms of subantarctic islands. The aim of this work was to determine and characterize the gastrointestinal parasitic and microbial fauna of specimens of captured in waters of the south-central zone of Chile. The magnitude of parasitism in captured in waters of the south-central zone of Chile is variable, and the parasite richness is different from that reported in specimens from subantarctic environments.

Temperatures Outside the Optimal Range for Increase Its Harboring within Yeast Cells.

is capable of entering into yeast, but the factors driving this endosymbiosis remain unknown. This work aimed to determine if temperatures outside the optimal range for increase its harboring within . strains were co-cultured with strains in Brucella broth supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum and incubated at 4, 25, 37 or 40 °C.

Characterization of UCO-SMC3 as a Potential Probiotic for the Skin: Its Beneficial Role in the Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris.

Previously, we isolated lactic acid bacteria from the slime of the garden snail Müller and selected UCO-SMC3 because of its ability to inhibit in vitro the growth of the skin-associated pathogen . The present study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of UCO-SMC3 and to demonstrate its beneficial effect in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Our in vitro studies showed that the UCO-SMC3 strain resists adverse gastrointestinal conditions, inhibits the growth of clinical isolates of , and reduces the adhesion of the pathogen to keratinocytes.

Nutrient Deficiency Promotes the Entry of Cells into Yeast Cells.

, a Gram-negative bacterium, has as a natural niche the human gastric epithelium. This pathogen has been reported to enter into yeast cells; however, factors triggering this endosymbiotic relationship remain unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro if variations in nutrient concentration in the cultured medium trigger the internalization of within cells.

Antibiotics as a Stressing Factor Triggering the Harboring of J99 within ATCC10231.

Unlabelled: First-line treatment for includes amoxicillin and clarithromycin or metronidazole plus a proton pump inhibitor. Treatment failure is associated with antibiotic resistance and possibly also with internalization of into eukaryotic cells, such as yeasts. Factors triggering the entry of into yeast are poorly understood.

The Administration of the Synbiotic 6c3 Strain, Inulin and Fructooligosaccharide Decreases the Concentrations of Indoxyl Sulfate and Kidney Damage in a Rat Model.

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in its cardiovascular complications. One of the approaches proposed to decrease IS is the administration of synbiotics. This work aimed to search for a probiotic strain capable to decrease serum IS levels and mix it with two prebiotics (inulin and fructooligosaccharide (FOS)) to produce a putative synbiotic and test it in a rat CKD model.

Chilean Rhubarb, (Molina) Mirb. (Gunneraceae): UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS Profiling of Aqueous Extract and its Anti- Activity.

The full UHPLC-MS metabolome fingerprinting and anti- effect of (Molina) Mirb. (Nalca) total extract (GTE) and fractions prepared from its edible fresh petioles were evaluated. The activity of against strains ATCC 45504 and J99 was assessed by means of agar diffusion assay, Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), while killing curve and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) were conducted in order to determine the effect of the plant extract on bacterial growth and ultrastructure.

Candida albicans, a reservoir of Listeria monocytogenes?

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen causing serious or mortal infections in human risk populations. Its infectivity is in part due to its ability to infect diverse eukaryotic cells. Since several bacteria can enter into yeast cells, including Candida albicans, the aims of this work were to evaluate if L.

Intracellular Presence of and Its Virulence-Associated Genotypes within the Vaginal Yeast of Term Pregnant Women.

Background: transmission routes are not entirely elucidated. Since yeasts are postulated to transmit this pathogen, this study aimed to detect and genotype intracellular harbored within vaginal yeast cells.

Methods: A questionnaire was used to determine risk factors of infection.

Detection of Helicobacter pylori in oral yeasts from students of a Chilean university.

Introduction: Nearly 73% of the Chilean population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a factor predisposing for gastric cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of this pathogen within yeasts, suggesting that this fact can directly influence the failure of a treatment, transmission, and reinfection.

Immunobiotic TL2937 Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis by Differentially Modulating the Transcriptomic Response of Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Immunobiotics have emerged as a promising intervention to alleviate intestinal damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the beneficial properties of immunobiotics are strain dependent and, therefore, each strain has to be evaluated in order to demonstrate its potential application in IBD. Our previous and studies demonstrated that TL2937 attenuates gut acute inflammatory response triggered by Toll-like receptor 4 activation.

Evaluation of Porcine Intestinal Epitheliocytes as an In vitro Immunoassay System for the Selection of Probiotic Bifidobacteria to Alleviate Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The use of in vitro systems that allow efficient selection of probiotic candidates with immunomodulatory properties could significantly minimize the use of experimental animals. In this work, we generated an in vitro immunoassay system based on porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) administration that could be useful for the selection and characterization of potential probiotic strains to be used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Our strategy was based on two fundamental pillars: on the one hand, the capacity of PIE cells to create a monolayer by attaching to neighboring cells and efficiently mount inflammatory responses and, on the other hand, the use of two probiotic bifidobacteria strains that have been characterized in terms of their immunomodulatory capacities, particularly in mouse IBD models and patients.

In Vitro Incorporation of into Caused by Acidic pH Stress.

Yeasts can adapt to a wide range of pH fluctuations (2 to 10), while , a facultative intracellular bacterium, can adapt to a range from pH 6 to 8. This work analyzed if J99 can protect itself from acidic pH by entering into ATCC 90028. Growth curves were determined for and at pH 3, 4, and 7.

Efficient Selection of New Immunobiotic Strains With Antiviral Effects in Local and Distal Mucosal Sites by Using Porcine Intestinal Epitheliocytes.

Previously, we evaluated the effect of the immunobiotic strain CRL1505 on the transcriptomic response of porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells triggered by the challenge with the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) agonist poly(I:C) and successfully identified a group of genes that can be used as prospective biomarkers for the screening of new antiviral immunobiotics. In this work, several strains of lactobacilli were evaluated according to their ability to modulate the expression of α, β, , , , , , , , , , , , , , and in PIE cells after the stimulation with poly(I:C). Comparative analysis of transcripts variations revealed that one of the studied bacteria, MPL16, clustered together with the CRL1505 strain, indicating a similar immunomodulatory potential.

The Exopolysaccharide of UCO-979C Is Partially Involved in Its Immunomodulatory Effect and Its Ability to Improve the Resistance against Infection.

UCO-979C (Lf979C) beneficially modulates the cytokine response of gastric epithelial cells and macrophages after infection in vitro. Nevertheless, no in vivo studies were performed with this strain to confirm its beneficial immunomodulatory effects. This work evaluated whether Lf979C improves protection against infection in mice by modulating the innate immune response.