Perianal mass as the debut of metastatic pulmonary neoplasia.

A 56-year-old male smoker presented to the Emergency Department with a painful mass in the left ischiorectal fossa, which had been present for 2 months without any other symptoms. On examination, a hard, violet-colored mass was observed, with an ulcerated central area. Blood tests were normal, and the abdominal-pelvic CT scan showed multiple hypervascular intra-abdominal masses and soft tissue lesions.

Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Regenerative therapies to mitigate Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology have shown very limited success. In the recent era, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from multipotent and pluripotent stem cells have shown considerable promise for the treatment of dementia and many neurodegenerative conditions.

Methods: Using the 5xFAD accelerated transgenic mouse model of AD, we now show the regenerative potential of human neural stem cell (hNSC)-derived EVs on the neurocognitive and neuropathologic hallmarks in the AD brain.

Immune and Inflammatory Determinants Underlying Alzheimer's Disease Pathology.

This study examines the link between peripheral immune changes in perpetuation of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and cognitive deficits. Our research design using human AD patients and rodent model is supported by past evidence from genomic studies. We observed an active immune response against Aβ as indicated by the increased Aβ specific IgG antibody in the serum of AD and patients with mild cognitive impairments as compared to healthy controls.

Attenuation of neuroinflammation reverses Adriamycin-induced cognitive impairments.

Numerous clinical studies have established the debilitating neurocognitive side effects of chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer, often referred as chemobrain. We hypothesize that cognitive impairments are associated with elevated microglial inflammation in the brain. Thus, either elimination of microglia or restoration of microglial function could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction.

Sex-Specific Effects of a Wartime-Like Radiation Exposure on Cognitive Function.

Evaluating the risk for central nervous system (CNS) effects after whole-body or partial-body irradiation presents challenges due in part to the varied exposure scenarios in the context of occupational, accidental or wartime releases. Risk estimations are further complicated by the fact that robust changes in brain function are unlikely to manifest until significantly late post exposure times. Collectively, the current data regarding CNS radiation risk are conflicting in humans and a survey of the animal model data shows that it is similarly inconsistent.

New Concerns for Neurocognitive Function during Deep Space Exposures to Chronic, Low Dose-Rate, Neutron Radiation.

As NASA prepares for a mission to Mars, concerns regarding the health risks associated with deep space radiation exposure have emerged. Until now, the impacts of such exposures have only been studied in animals after acute exposures, using dose rates ∼1.5×10 higher than those actually encountered in space.

Alterations in synaptic density and myelination in response to exposure to high-energy charged particles.

High-energy charged particles are considered particularly hazardous components of the space radiation environment. Such particles include fully ionized energetic nuclei of helium, silicon, and oxygen, among others. Exposure to charged particles causes reactive oxygen species production, which has been shown to result in neuronal dysfunction and myelin degeneration.

Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection occurring in second twin of an asymptomatic mother. Failure of a modern protocol.

A case of neonatal herpes that occurred after vaginal delivery in the absence of genital lesions is presented. The mother had a history of drug addiction and genital herpes. Asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 from the cervix was noted in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Decision to admit. Criteria for admission and readmission to a Veterans Administration hospital.

Factors related to the decision to hospitalize applicants for psychiatric treatment at a Veterans Administration hospital were explored. For a three-week period, decision makers completed questionnaires following interviews with applicants. It was found that 79% of applicants were "revolving door" patients.