[Mapping, profile and training of immunization stakeholders, Benin, 2020].

Introduction: The Benin Immunization and Logistic Directorate commissioned this study to provide evidence-based data to improve the performance of the Expanded Programme on Immunization. The objectives were to identify immunization stakeholders, describe their profile, their geographical distribution and determine their training needs.

Methods: In December 2020, we conducted a census of Benin's immunization stakeholders via their administrative files and telephone interviews.

Exploring the factors contributing to low vaccination uptake for nationally recommended routine childhood and adolescent vaccines in Kenya.

Background: Vaccination remains the most effective means of reducing the burden of infectious disease among children. It is estimated to prevent between two to three million child deaths annually. However, despite being a successful intervention, basic vaccination coverage remains below the target.

Examining enablers of vaccine hesitancy toward routine childhood and adolescent vaccination in Malawi.

Background: The contribution of vaccination to global public health and community wellbeing has been described as one of the greatest success stories of modern medicine. However, 13.5 million children still miss at least one of their routine vaccinations, and this contributes to about 1.

Early Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Immunization Services in Nigeria.

Background: By 11 March 2022, there were 450,229,635 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases and 6,019,085 deaths globally, with Nigeria reporting 254,637 cases and 3142 deaths. One of the essential healthcare services that have been impacted by the pandemic is routine childhood immunization. According to the 2018 National Demographic and Health Survey, only 31% of children aged 12-23 months were fully vaccinated in Nigeria, and 19% of eligible children in the country had not received any vaccination.

[Effects of Monitoring "Out-of-Area" Vaccinated Children on Data Quality, San Pedro Health District, Côte D'ivoire in 2019].

In order to improve the quality of vaccination data from the health centers, we carried out the follow-up of "out-of-area" children, vaccinated in the district of San Pedro. The objective of this work was to measure the effects of taking into account the "out-of-area" vaccinated children on the quality of the data and the immunization performance of the health centers. This monitoring, which was carried out between March and August 2019, consisted of four steps: the vaccination of "out-of-area" children by the health center, the monthly update in the register of the status of vaccinated "out-of-area" children, the accounting of these children, and the re-evaluation of the health center's vaccine performance.

Drivers of hesitancy towards recommended childhood vaccines in African settings: a scoping review of literature from Kenya, Malawi and Ethiopia.

Introduction: There is a dearth of literature on vaccine hesitancy in Africa. In this study, we aimed to explore the drivers of hesitancy toward recommended childhood vaccines in Kenya, Malawi, and Ethiopia.

Methods: A scoping review methodology was used as this evidence synthesis approach is suitable for mapping existing literature and identifying knowledge gaps.

[Cost Analysis of the Immunization Program Supportive Supervision in Côte-d'Ivoire].

One of the major obstacles to improve the performance of immunization programs is the lack of competent health personnel. To increase the availability of qualified health personnel, the Agence de Médecine Préventive (Agency of Preventive Medicine) has set up a technical assistance focused on supportive supervision. The objective of this study is to analyze the cost of this supportive supervision in 10 health districts of Côte-d'Ivoire.

[Performance of the Strategy to Catch Up with Drop Out and Unvaccinated Children in Côte d'Ivoire in 2018].

To improve the performance of Côte-d'Ivoire's immunization program, we have implemented a strategy to catch up with drop out children (DOC) and unvaccinated children (UVC) in 14 Health Districts (HDs) with the lowest measles vaccination coverage. This article presents the effectiveness and cost of this strategy. We selected the areas with the highest numbers of DOC: 5 health areas (HAs) per HD and 5 villages/neighborhoods per HA.

[Technical support and the immunization program performance in Côte d'Ivoire].

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of a technical support aiming to improve vaccine program performance in the 10 health districts (HDs) of Côte d'Ivoire, in which the largest numbers of children not vaccinated against measles were registered.

Method: These HDs benefited between June 2016 and May 2017, from four quarterly supportive supervisions along with technical support in health logistics and data management and quality. We had followed the evolution of the key indicators in each targeted HD and compared them to the other HDs.

[Impact of a targeted technical assistance to improve vaccine coverage in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, and Mauritania in 2014].

Within the framework of its strategic goal of vaccine coverage (VC) improvement, GAVI, The Vaccine Alliance has entrusted the Agence de médecine préventive (agency for preventive medicine, AMP) with technical assistance services to Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), and Mauritania. This support was provided to selected priority districts (PDs) with the worst Penta3 coverage performances. In 2014, PDs benefited from technical and management capacities in vaccinology strengthening for district medical officers, supportive supervisions and technical assistance in health logistics, data management and quality.

[Use of SMS to ask mothers to come to vaccination sessions in Bobo-Dioulasso].

Even though the expanded programme for immunization (EPI) coverage at national level is high in Burkina (95% of fully vaccinated children), mothers of children following EPI in Health Centres (HC) would benefit from being reminded of EPI sessions by sending SMS (short message service) to their own mobile phone, or through mobile phone of a family member living in the same compound. SMS could be sent through Computerized Immunization Registers (CIR), hosted by HC computers. 210 mothers of children aged 0 to 5 years were chosen at random and questioned if they owned a mobile phone, if they could read a SMS, or, if not, what language they would understand if a voice SMS was sent.

Prevalence and risk factors of Lassa seropositivity in inhabitants of the forest region of Guinea: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa. The reservoir host of the virus is a multimammate rat, Mastomys natalensis. Prevalence estimates of Lassa virus antibodies in humans vary greatly between studies, and the main modes of transmission of the virus from rodents to humans remain unclear.

[Population's behaviour and expectations concerning malaria control in Ouidah, Benin, April 2006)].

The aim of this study conducted in April 2006 in Ouidah (Benin), was to measure some results indicators of the implementation of "Roll Back Malaria" in Benin. Impregnated bed nets are available in 25.6% of the households and are used by 21.

[Experience with field epidemiology training programs in Africa: Cours IEIAA].

The International Course on Epidemiology and Applied Data Processing in Africa (Cours IEIAA) is a practical 4-week French-language training course for professional health care personnel working in Africa. The first course was organized in 1998 by the Association pour l'Aide à la Médecine Préventive (Association for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine). The course organizing committee includes a pedagogical director and a faculty of field epidemiology experts.

Effectiveness of incidence thresholds for detection and control of meningococcal meningitis epidemics in northern Togo.

Background: Early outbreak detection is necessary for control of meningococcal meningitis epidemics. A weekly incidence of 15 cases per 100 000 inhabitants averaged over 2 consecutive weeks is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for detection of meningitis epidemics in Africa. This and other thresholds are tested for ability to predict outbreaks and timeliness for control measures.

Effect of daily iron supplementation on iron status, cell-mediated immunity, and incidence of infections in 6-36 month old Togolese children.

Objective: To assess the impact of a daily oral iron supplementation on hematological status, cell-mediated immunity and susceptibility to infections in children living in an environment where iron deficiency, malaria and other infections are frequent.

Design: Randomized, double-blind iron supplementation including a placebo group.

Setting: A village in Togo, West Africa.

[An epidemic of meningococcal meningitis in the region of Savanes in Togo in 1997: research and control strategies].

Neisseria meningitidis is responsible for high levels of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries of the African meningitis belt. There are frequent meningococcal meningitis epidemics in this region affecting almost 1,000 people in every 100,000 (1%). Epidemics generally occur during the dry season but the interval between epidemics is variable (between 2 and 25 years).

[Evaluation of the impact of iron treatment. Interference of malaria].

In Togo, where malaria occurs all the year, 151 children, from 6 months to 3 years old, were distributed in 2 groups, one of which received an iron supplementation during three months, and the other a placebo during the same time. At the end of the trial, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. However, taking into account malaria infection at the end of the trial, children who received iron supplementation and who were free of malaria infection showed improvement of their haematological status when compared to children receiving placebo and also free of malaria infection.

The integration of family planning and childhood immunization services in Togo.

Improvements in the constellation of services in the African context are largely addressed through attaining better measures of service integration, which can be achieved through improved referral across categories of health programs. The use of an unobtrusive referral message that linked family planning and the Expanded Program of Immunizations (EPI) services was tested in an operations research study in Togo. The introduction of the referral message was accompanied by an 18-percent increase in awareness of available family planning services and an increase in the average monthly number of new family planning clients of 54 percent.

[Effects od iron supplementation on malaria infection].

An iron supplementation trial had been performed in a southern village of Togo during the rainy season when occurs malaria transmission. 241 infants from 6 to 36 months old were matched in two randomized groups. The first one (G1) received oral iron supplementation every day during three months.

[Digestive parasitic diseases in young children in a tropical outpatient setting].

Parasites were looked for in stools of infants aged 6 months to 3 years living in a village in the south of Togo. These children were enrolled in a nutritional surveillance program. 42.