Microencapsulation of Probiotics with Soy Protein Isolate and Alginate for the Poultry Industry.

Many probiotic products, with properly selected microorganisms, may not be effective for the intended purpose due to the low tolerance of microorganisms to gastrointestinal digestion. The microencapsulation seems to be one of the most promising techniques to protect probiotics against adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, the aim of this work was the design of soy protein isolate-alginate microcapsules for the encapsulation of probiotics for the poultry industry by the water-in-oil emulsion technique.

Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the poultry intestinal environment with anti-Salmonella activity in vitro.

The purpose of this research was the genotypic identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), isolated from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of healthy adult birds, and the study of their safety regarding antibiotic resistance, physiological and functional properties involved in the colonization of the GIT of poultry, and Salmonella exclusion, as members of a potential mixed probiotic supplement for poultry. The nucleotidic sequence from Lactobacillus crispatus P1, L. animalis L3, and Enterococcus faecium CRL 1385 (ex-J96) showed 100, 99.

Rapid identification of new isolates of Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici is widely used for many applications, such as propionic acid production, cereal silage, and also as probiotic. Due to this plethora of applications, new isolates of A. acidipropionici with improved features are being searched for.

Cane molasses and oligofructose in the diet of laying hens improves the mineral content of eggs and meat.

Poultry-based foods contribute to human health due to their high nutrient value. Previously, it was shown that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by intestinal fermentation of a molasses and oligofructose mixture (M-O) stimulated iron and calcium transport through the colonic epithelium of laying hens. However, the real impact of including M-O mixture in the diet on the mineral content of poultry products had not yet been demonstrated.

Protection of the intestinal epithelium of poultry against deleterious effects of dietary lectins by a multi-strain bacterial supplement.

The intake of antinutritional factors produce impairment on the intestinal digestive function, impeding the efficient use of nutrients. Probiotics could be useful in poultry breeding to prevent negative effects of antinutritional factors, like the dietary lectins soybean agglutinin (SBA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Therefore, this investigation aimed to verify that SBA and wheat, which contains WGA, exert harmful effects on the intestinal mucosa and the digestive system of young poultry, and determine if the administration of probiotics able to capture lectins could counteract their effects.

Compatibility and safety of five lectin-binding putative probiotic strains for the development of a multi-strain protective culture for poultry.

The ban on the use of antibiotics as feed additives for animal growth promotion in the European Union and United States and the expectation of this trend to further expand to other countries in the short term have prompted a surge in probiotic research. Multi-species probiotics including safe and compatible strains with the ability to bind different nutritional lectins with detrimental effects on poultry nutrition could replace antibiotics as feed additives. LET201, LET210, LET301, LET103 and CRL1395 have proved to be compatible as evaluated through three different approaches: the production and excretion of antimicrobial compounds, growth inhibition by competition for essential nutrients and physical contact, and a combination of both.

Lactic acid bacteria isolated from poultry protect the intestinal epithelial cells of chickens from in vitro wheat germ agglutinin-induced cytotoxicity.

Poultry fed on wheat-based diets regularly ingest wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) that has toxic effects in vitro on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) obtained from 14-d-old broilers. Cytotoxicity and the potential role of 14 intestinal bacterial strains in the removal of bound lectins in epithelial cell cultures were investigated. Cytotoxicity was dependent on time and lectin concentration; the lethal dose (LD) was 8.

Feed supplementation with avian Propionibacterium acidipropionici contributes to mucosa development in early stages of rearing broiler chickens.

Different studies in animal rearing claim the probiotic potential of species of the genus Propionibacterium. The effects of strains of Propionibacterium acidipropionici isolated from poultry intestine on microbiota activity and intestinal mucosa development were investigated in the early stage of rearing chicks and the safety of the dose used was investigated. The strains P.

Cytotoxic damage of soybean agglutinin on intestinal epithelial cells of broiler chicks: in vitro protection by Bifidobacterium infantis CRL1395.

Plant lectins, which are proteins/glycoproteins present in a wide range of vegetables, fruits, cereals and beans, are resistant to digestive enzymes and food cooking temperatures. They bind reversibly to specific glycosidic residues expressed on the membrane of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and cause anti-nutritional effects in humans and animals. Soybean lectin (SBA) has been detected in poultry diets, and its ability to bind to the intestinal epithelium has been reported.

Selection of indigenous lactic acid bacteria to reinforce the intestinal microbiota of newly hatched chicken: relevance of in vitro and ex vivo methods for strains characterization.

Based on the natural benefits of the indigenous microbiota, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from poultry origin were isolated from hens and broilers intestine, and their probiotic potential was further studied. The tolerance to digestion, adhesion, capture of a mannose-binding lectin, absence of virulent factors and antibiotic resistances were studied. Different in vitro and ex vivo assays were performed to select tolerant and adherent strains because standardized protocols have not been defined.

Physiological and functional characteristics of Propionibacterium strains of the poultry microbiota and relevance for the development of probiotic products.

The prevention and control of pathogens colonization through probiotics administration in poultry feeding is of increasing interest. The genus Propionibacterium is an attractive candidate for the development of probiotic cultures as they produce short chain fatty acids (SCFA) by carbohydrates fermentation. The presence of strains of this genus in hens of conventional production systems and backyard hens was investigated.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization for detection of classical propionibacteria with specific 16S rRNA-targeted probes and its application to enumeration in Gruyère cheese.

The classical or dairy propionibacteria have well-documented industrial applications and have been proposed for probiotic applications. Given their industrial importance it is necessary to employ fast and reliable techniques to monitor the growth during products elaboration, industrial fermentations or the intestinal transit. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to design oligonucleotide probes targeting the 16S rRNA of dairy propionibacteria and optimise the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol to detect these bacteria.

Enterococcus faecium isolated from honey synthesized bacteriocin-like substances active against different Listeria monocytogenes strains.

Four Enterococcus faecium strains, isolated from honeycombs (C1 and M2d strains) and feral combs (Mori1 and M1b strains) secreted antimicrobial substances active against fourteen different Listeria spp. strains. The antimicrobial compound(s) present in the cell free supernatant were highly thermostable (121 degrees C for 15 min) and inactivated by proteolytic enzymes, but not by alpha-amylase and lipase, thus suggesting a peptidic nature.

Properties of different lactic acid bacteria isolated from Apis mellifera L. bee-gut.

Eight strains belonging to Lactobacillus spp. and five to Enterococcus spp. were isolated from the gut of worker Apis mellifera L.

Calcium modulates interactions between bacteria and hydroxyapatite.

Bacterial adhesion onto hydroxyapatite is known to depend on the surface properties of both the biomaterial and the bacterial strain, but less is known about the influence of the composition of the aqueous medium. Here, the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and 3 different Lactobacilli on powdered hydroxyapatite was shown to change with Ca2+ concentration. The effect depends on the surface properties of each strain.

Surface properties of various powdered hydroxyapatites.

Electrophoretic mobilities of various synthetic and semisynthetic hydroxyapatites (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAP) suspended in aqueous solutions have been measured as a function of pH and calcium concentration. The studied powders differ in particle size, crystallinity degree and surface contamination (carbonate). When equilibrated in mineral acids or bases, a large plateau of negative mobility is observed in the pH range 5-8, with increasing negative values at higher pH.

Bacteriocin from honeybee beebread Enterococcus avium, active against Listeria monocytogenes.

Enterococcus avium isolated from Apis mellifera beebread produces a thermoresistant bacteriocin with a strain-dependent inhibitory effect on Listeria and without effect on gram-negative bacteria. The bacteriocin appeared to be a polypeptide of about 6 kDa. Genetic analyses revealed no extrachromosomal material in E.

Uracilato and 5-halouracilato complexes of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II). X-ray structures of [Cu(uracilato-N(1))(2)(NH(3))(2)].2(H(2)O), [Cu(5-chlorouracilato-N(1))(2)(NH(3))(2)](H(2)O)(2), [Ni(5-chlorouracilato-N(1))(2)(en)(2)].2H(2)O and [Zn(5-chlorouracilato-N(1))(NH(3))(3)].(5-chlorouracilato-N(1)).(H(2)O).

Four new complexes of uracilato and 5-halouracilato with the divalent metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) were obtained and structurally characterized. [Cu(uracilato- N(1))(2)(NH(3))(2)].2(H(2)O) (1) and [Cu(5-chlorouracilato-N(1))(2)(NH(3))(2)](H(2)O)(2) (2) complexes present distorted square planar co-ordination geometry around the metal ion.

Copper deficiency in Creole goat kids.

Serum copper determination is important to confirm hypocupremia. Twenty healthy kids constituted the Control Group, and sixteen kids with symptoms of copper deficiency, the Problem Group. Animals from the Problem Group showed a low number of red blood cells (RBC) and variations in RBC size and shape.

Interactions in solution of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: a potentiometric and calorimetric study.

The equilibrium constants and the thermodynamic parameters enthalpy and entropy of the interaction between Ni(II) and Co(II) with NAD(+) in aqueous solution were determined by calorimetry and potentiometry methods (ionic strength adjusted to 0.1 with sodium nitrate at 25 degrees C). The macrochelation of the systems was also studied.

Interactions of d(10) metal ions with hippuric acid and cytosine. X-ray structure of the first cadmium (II)-amino acid derivative-nucleobase ternary compound.

The interactions of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with hippuric acid (hipH) were studied and several novel compounds were synthesized and studied by NMR. Some new metal-hippuric-cytosine ternary compounds were formed and the structure of the [Cd(hip)(2)(cyt)(H(2)O)](2) ternary complex resolved. Each cadmium (II) atom has a distorted trigonal bipyramid coordination which is linked to a water molecule, a cytosine via N(3), a carboxylic oxygen atom of a hippurate moiety and two bridging dicoordinated hippurates bound through the carboxylic oxygen atoms.

Effect of different complex carbon sources on growth and bacteriocin synthesis of Enterococcus faecium.

Different criteria are followed in order to select bacteria to be used in probiotic and symbiotic supplements. A new parameter to choose strains could be fermentation by intestinal bacteria of some complex carbohydrates because they are prebiotics and promote the development of beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal environment. An Enterococcus faecium strain, isolated from the crop of a free-range chicken, was assayed in order to determine the utilization of commercial sugars and/or crude carbohydrate samples from a sugar mill.

Protective effect of Enterococcus faecium J96, a potential probiotic strain, on chicks infected with Salmonella Pullorum.

Enterococcus faecium J96 was isolated from a healthy free-range chicken and it inhibited Salmonella Pullorum, in vitro, due to its lactic acid and bacteriocin production. In vivo assays were carried out with 30-h-old broiler chicks. The lactic acid bacteria (approximately 1 x 10(9) cells per chick) were orally administered as preventive and as therapeutic treatments.

Antagonistic effect of Enterococcus faecium J96 against human and poultry pathogenic Salmonella spp.

Production of antagonistic compounds was studied in a strain of Enterococcus faecium isolated from the intestinal tract of a free-ranging chicken. Production of lactic acid and a bacteriocin was observed in cultures of this bacterium, alone and in mixed culture fermentations with pathogenic Salmonella serotypes (i.e.

Spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrochemical behavior of the copper(II) complex of carnosine.

Different physicochemical studies were undertaken with polycrystalline samples of the complex [Cu2(carnosine)2(H2O)2].2H2O. The infrared spectrum was discussed in comparison with that of free carnosine and on the basis of the known structural data.