Microfluidics Based Particle and Droplet Generation for Gene and Drug Delivery Approaches.

Microfluidics-based droplets have emerged as a powerful technology for biomedical research, offering precise control over droplet size and structure, optimal mixing of solutions, and prevention of cross-contamination. It is a major branch of microfluidic technology with applications in diagnostic testing, imaging, separation, and gene amplification. This review discusses the different aspects of microfluidic devices, droplet generation techniques, droplet types, and the production of micro/nano particles, along with their advantages and limitations.

One-pot synthesis, characterization and antiviral properties of new benzenesulfonamide-based spirothiazolidinones.

A novel series of benzenesulfonamide substituted spirothiazolidinone derivatives (3a-j) were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their antiviral activity. The spirocyclic compounds were prepared by the condensation of 4-(aminosulfonyl)-2-methoxybenzohydrazide, appropriate cyclic ketones and 2-mercaptopropionic acid in a one-pot reaction. The structures of the new compounds were established by IR, H NMR, C NMR (APT), and elemental analysis.

Novel 2-indolinone derivatives as promising agents against respiratory syncytial and yellow fever viruses.

A vaccine or antiviral drug for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections and a specific antiviral drug for yellow fever virus (YFV) infections has not yet been developed. In this study, 2-indolinone-based -(4-sulfamoylphenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamides were synthesized. Along with these new compounds, previously synthesized 2-indolinone-based -(3-sulfamoylphenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamides were evaluated against various DNA and RNA viruses.

Synthesis and molecular modeling studies of 1-benzyl-2-indolinones as selective AChE inhibitors.

Possible bioisosteres can be developed by replacing the 1-indanone ring (one of three pharmacophore groups) of donepezil with an indoline ring. As HS donors, thioamide, thiocarbamate and thiourea groups are also critically important. The 1-benzyl-2-indolinones were designed using molecular modeling and synthesized, and their acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effects were then investigated.

The relation between leadership styles in higher education institutions and academic staff's job satisfaction: A meta-analysis study.

In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between leadership in higher education institutions [HEIs] and academic staff's job satisfaction, which is formed by combining different leadership styles in higher education institutions, using the meta-analysis method based on correlational research. For this purpose, it was investigated whether there was a significant difference between the effect sizes of the studies investigating the relationship between leadership in HEIs and academic staff's job satisfaction between the years 2010-2022, according to the moderator variables (leadership styles, continent, culture, and Human Development Index [HDI]). A total of 57 research data, including sample size and Pearson correlation coefficient data, were evaluated within the scope of the research.

Synthesis, molecular modeling and cholinesterase inhibitory effects of 2-indolinone-based hydrazinecarbothioamides.

2-Indolinone-based hydrazinecarbothioamides carrying a 3-phenylsulfonamide moiety () were designed by replacement of donepezil's pharmacophore group indanone with a 2-indolinone ring. Compounds - were synthesized by reaction of -(3-sulfamoylphenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide () with 1-indolin-2,3-diones (-). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory effects of compounds - were assayed.

Design, synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of furan-substituted spirothiazolidinones.

A new series of N-(3-oxo-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-4-yl)carboxamides have been designed, synthesized and evaluated as antiviral agents. The compounds were prepared by condensation of 2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide, appropriate carbonyl compounds and sulfanyl acids.

Small-molecule Antiviral Agents in Ongoing Clinical Trials for COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in December 2019 and has rapidly spread globally. As the confirmed number of cases has reached 83 million worldwide, the potential severity and the deadly complications of the disease requires urgent development of effective drugs for prevention and treatment. No proven effective treatment for this virus currently exists.

Synthesis and anti-coronavirus activity of a series of 1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one derivatives.

A series of 1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-ones bearing an amide group at C-4 and various substitutions at C-2 and C-8 were synthesized and evaluated against human coronavirus and influenza virus. Compounds 7m, 7n, 8k, 8l, 8m, 8n, and 8p were found to inhibit human coronavirus 229E replication.

JNK modifies neuronal metabolism to promote proteostasis and longevity.

Aging is associated with a progressive loss of tissue and metabolic homeostasis. This loss can be delayed by single-gene perturbations, increasing lifespan. How such perturbations affect metabolic and proteostatic networks to extend lifespan remains unclear.

Keratoconus presenting with bilateral simultaneous acute corneal hydrops.

Purpose: To report a case of unknown keratoconus presenting with bilateral simultaneous acute corneal hydrops.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A case of a 12-year-old male patient with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) presented with sudden whitening and lacrimation for 2 days in both eyes simultaneously.

The relationship between plasma leptin levels and chronic complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma leptin levels and the chronic complications in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients.

Patients And Methods: There were 157 T2DM patients (age, 56.7 ± 11.

Conversion to deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK): learning curve with big-bubble technique.

Background And Objective: To report the perioperative complications and clinical outcomes of 50 deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) cases.

Patients And Methods: Fifty eyes of 50 patients with pathologies involving the corneal stroma and sparing the Descemet's membrane and endothelium were included consecutively in this prospective, noncomparative interventional case series study. DALK was performed using the big-bubble technique.

Demographic and clinical features of uveitis in tertiary centers in Turkey.

Purpose: To analyze the referral patterns and clinical features of uveitis in tertiary eye care centers in Turkey.

Methods: Uveitis services of eight university clinics collected data on uveitis patients who presented during 2004. Data were collected on a form including a questionnaire on socio-demographic and clinical features which were documented at presentation.

The effect of prematurity on tear production.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the birth weight and the postconceptional age on the tear production of preterm and term newborn infants and to evaluate the changes in tear production during the first two months of life. SUBJECTS--METHODS: Both eyes of medically stable term and preterm infants were included in the study. Based on postconceptional age and birth weight, we divided preterm infants into three groups.

Review of the chronology of clinical manifestations in 60 patients with Behçet's disease.

Background: The natural course of Behçet's disease is not fully known.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of the symptoms retrospectively in chronologic order in patients with Behçet's disease, diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Study Group for Behçet's Disease.

Methods: A total of 60 consecutive patients (29 male and 31 female; aged 35.

Color Doppler imaging of the orbital vessels in Behçet's disease.

Objective: To investigate blood flow velocity changes, pulsatility and resistivity index values of orbital vessels in Behçet's disease with or without ocular involvement (groups I and II) and healthy volunteers (group III).

Methods: Twenty-five eyes in the first group, 24 eyes in the second group and 24 eyes in the third group were examined by using color Doppler imaging. Peak systolic and end-diastolic blood flow velocity measurements, pulsatility and resistivity index values were measured in ophthalmic, central retinal, nasal and temporal ciliary arteries and the central retinal vein.

The effect of sulfur dioxide inhalation on visual evoked potentials, antioxidant status, and lipid peroxidation in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of 10 ppm sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) exposure on visual evoked potentials (VEPs), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the activities of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in diabetes mellitus. Forty healthy male albino rats, aged 3 months, were divided into four equal groups: control (C), sulfur dioxide + control (CSO(2)), diabetic (D), and sulfur dioxide + diabetic (DSO(2)) groups. Experimental diabetes mellitus was induced by IV injection of alloxane monohydrate in a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight.

The effect of cadmium on visual evoked potentials in alloxane-induced diabetic rats: relation to lipid peroxidation.

Fifty-two healthy male Swiss albino rats, aged three months, were used in this study. They were divided into four groups: control (c), diabetic (D), cadmium (Cd), and diabetic + Cd (D+Cd). A diabetic condition was induced in D and D + Cd groups by administration of alloxane (5 mg/100 g).

Visual evoked potentials and optic nerve histopathology in normal and diabetic rats and effect of ginkgo biloba extract.

The purpose of this study was to test the possible therapeutic role of ginkgo biloba extract on the impairment of visual function and pathological histology of the optic nerve caused by early diabetes. Ginkgo biloba extract entraps oxygenated free radicals and is also a strong inhibitor of the platelet activation factor (PAF). For this purpose, VEP recordings and optic nerve histopathology were studied on alloxan diabetic and normal Swiss albino rats in four experimental groups.

Ocular and visual side effects of systemic cyclosporine.

In this study, we investigated the ocular and visual side effects of systemic cyclosporine used as an immunosuppressant in 51 renal transplant recipients during the postoperative period. Three different treatment schemes were used. The patients in the first group received cyclosporine and a corticosteroid.