Advanced endoscopy fellowship training in the United States: recent trends in American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy advanced endoscopy fellowship match, trainee experience, and postfellowship employment.

Background And Aims: The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) advanced endoscopy fellowship (AEF) match offers a structured application process for AEF training in the United States. Our aim was to describe recent trends in AEF match, trainee experience, and postfellowship employment.

Methods: ASGE AEF match data from 2012 to 2020 were reviewed.

Risk Factors of Reoperation After Pancreatic Resection.

Background: Pancreatic resection is associated with a high incidence of postoperative complications, some of which require reoperation.

Aims: To analyze the incidence of and risk factors for reoperation following pancreatectomy.

Methods: Pre- and postoperative information and procedure characteristics of 15,549 patients having undergone pancreatectomy in 435 hospitals participating in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2011 to 2014 were analyzed.

Immediate unprepared hydroflush colonoscopy for severe lower GI bleeding: a feasibility study.

Background: Urgent colonoscopy is not always the preferred initial intervention in severe lower GI bleeding because of the need for a large volume of oral bowel preparation, the time required for administering the preparation, and concern regarding adequate visualization.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of immediate unprepared hydroflush colonoscopy for severe lower GI bleeding.

Design: Prospective feasibility study of immediate colonoscopy after tap-water enema without oral bowel preparation, aided by water-jet pumps and mechanical suction devices in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a primary diagnosis of severe lower GI bleeding.

Characterization of the pancreas in vivo using EUS spectrum analysis with electronic array echoendoscopes.

Background: Spectral analysis of the radiofrequency (RF) signals that underlie grayscale EUS images has been used to provide quantitative, objective information about tissue histology.

Objective: Our purpose was to validate RF spectral analysis as a method to distinguish between chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic cancer (PC).

Design And Setting: A prospective study of eligible patients was conducted to analyze the RF data obtained by using electronic array echoendoscopes.

A randomized trial of rectal indomethacin to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis.

Background: Preliminary research suggests that rectally administered nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may reduce the incidence of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial, we assigned patients at elevated risk for post-ERCP pancreatitis to receive a single dose of rectal indomethacin or placebo immediately after ERCP. Patients were determined to be at high risk on the basis of validated patient- and procedure-related risk factors.

Endoscopic management of Barrett esophagus.

Endoscopy has a vital role in the diagnosis, screening, surveillance and treatment of Barrett esophagus. Over the past few decades, tremendous advances have been made in endoscopic technology, and the management of dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett esophagus has changed radically from being surgical to organ-sparing endoscopic therapy. Proper endoscopic techniques and systematic biopsy protocols improve dysplasia detection, and endoscopic surveillance improves outcomes in patients with Barrett esophagus and dysplasia.

GCN5 is a required cofactor for a ubiquitin ligase that targets NF-kappaB/RelA.

The transcription factor NF-kappaB is a critical regulator of inflammatory and cell survival signals. Proteasomal degradation of NF-kappaB subunits plays an important role in the termination of NF-kappaB activity, and at least one of the identified ubiquitin ligases is a multimeric complex containing Copper Metabolism Murr1 Domain 1 (COMMD1) and Cul2. We report here that GCN5, a histone acetyltransferase, associates with COMMD1 and other components of the ligase, promotes RelA ubiquitination, and represses kappaB-dependent transcription.

Crohn's disease in an African-American population.

Objective: African-Americans have been underrepresented in most large Crohn's disease (CD) trials. This study was undertaken to assess the course and character of CD in African-Americans in comparison with whites.

Methods: We retrospectively compared the course and character of CD in African-American and white patients at 3 Atlanta hospitals.