Nanoparticle-mediated active and passive drug targeting in oral squamous cell carcinoma: current trends and advances.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an invasive and highly malignant cancer with significant morbidity and mortality. Existing treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation have poor overall survival rates and prognosis. The intended therapeutic effects of chemotherapy are limited by drug resistance, systemic toxicity and adverse effects.

Nanotechnology-based mucoadhesive and mucus-penetrating drug-delivery systems for transbuccal drug delivery.

Buccal drug-delivery systems present a promising approach for the drug delivery to the buccal mucosa, addressing oral cavity-specific problems, enabling systemic delivery and minimizing adverse effects on biological systems. Numerous strategies have been proposed to load drug-containing nanoparticles (NPs) to the buccal mucosa for local and systemic applications. There has been considerable interest in the development of mucoadhesive buccal formulations, particularly hydrogel composites utilizing mucoadhesive films incorporating NPs.

Nanoparticulate strategies for the delivery of miRNA mimics and inhibitors in anticancer therapy and its potential utility in oral submucous fibrosis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally occurring noncoding RNAs with multiple functionalities. They are dysregulated in several conditions and can serve as disease biomarkers, therapeutic targets and therapeutic agents. Translation of miRNA therapeutics to the clinic poses several challenges related to the safe and effective delivery of these agents to the site of action.

Delving Deeper into Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery: Factors and Mechanisms Associated with Nanocarrier-mediated Strategies.

Background: Advances in material science and particle engineering have led to the development of a rapidly growing number of nanoparticulate carriers for drug and gene delivery. These carriers are increasingly being investigated in dermal and transdermal routes of drug administration.

Objective: To critically examine and summarize the primary factors and mechanisms involved in nanocarriermediated dermal and transdermal delivery of drugs.

Primary synovial sarcoma of the maxilla.

An innocuously appearing gingival mass in the maxilla revealed extensive osteolysis on radiographic examination. A rare clinical presentation of synovial sarcoma, appropriate diagnostic strategies and suitable treatment protocol in a 21-year-old male is reported herewith. It is only the third case of primary monophasic synovial sarcoma of the maxilla to be reported to the best of our knowledge and the first to have occurred in a male patient.

The role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as prognostic markers in the early stages of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Tongue cancer is the most common intra-oral malignancy with a high rate of morbidity and mortality owing to its increased propensity for tumor invasion and metastasis. These processes require a controlled degradation of the extracellular matrix. Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are known to be important regulators of matrix lysis and play a significant role in the metastasis of malignancies.

A clinical report demonstrating the significance of distinguishing a nasopalatine duct cyst from a radicular cyst.

Endodontic diagnosis is challenging and depends on the organisation of information from the patient history, clinical examination and analysis of the pulp, radiographic and histopathological assessment. A 35-year-old man was endodontically treated for radiolucency in relation to the roots of maxillary central incisors as it was a provisionally diagnosed case of radicular cyst. Since the palatal swelling persisted, the lesion was re-evaluated using relevant diagnostic aids and a diagnosis of nasopalatine duct cyst (NPDC) was made, which was missed during the initial assessment.

Calcifying odontogenic cyst: a rare report of a nonneoplastic variant associated with cholesterol granuloma.

Aim: To report a case of a non-neoplastic variant of calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) with the lining epithelium showing ameloblastomatous proliferation and capsule exhibiting features of a cholesterol granuloma. The importance of delineating this histologic variant from unicystic ameloblastoma and the formation of cholesterol granuloma in this variant is discussed.

Background: Calcifying odontogenic cyst is a developmental jaw cyst, which presents itself as both the neoplastic and the non-neoplastic forms.