Treatment outcomes among patients with isoniazid mono-resistant tuberculosis in Mumbai, India: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant cause of mortality globally, with India accounting for 27% of the estimated number of people with TB. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and isoniazid (INH) resistance pose additional challenges to effective treatment. We aimed to describe treatment outcomes of INH mono-resistant TB patients under programmatic conditions in Mumbai, India.

Concomitant bedaquiline and delamanid therapy in patients with drug-resistant extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in Mumbai, India.

Background: World Health Organization suggests concurrent bedaquiline-delamanid (BDQ-DLM) as part of individualised regimens for eligible patients with pulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB); however, data for patients with drug-resistant extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is extremely limited. This study documents the treatment outcomes and adverse events associated with concurrent BDQ-DLM-based regimens in patients with drug-resistant EPTB at a Médecins Sans Frontières clinic in Mumbai, India.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study based on routinely collected programmatic data.

Correction: Challenging drug-resistant TB treatment journey for children, adolescents and their care-givers: A qualitative study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Correction: Psychiatric comorbidities among patients with complex drug-resistant tuberculosis in Mumbai, India.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Psychiatric comorbidities among patients with complex drug-resistant tuberculosis in Mumbai, India.

Background: People with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) are known to suffer from many mental-health disorders. This study aims to describe the proportion of patients diagnosed with psychiatric comorbidities, the different psychiatric diagnoses made, and treatment outcomes among DR-TB patients with or without psychiatric comorbidity and initiated on DR-TB treatment between January 2012 and March 2019 at Médecins Sans Frontières independent clinic in Mumbai, India.

Methods: This is a retrospective study using routinely collected clinical data.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the central airways: treatment and molecular analysis.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMT) are a rare cause of endobronchial masses in adults. Surgery has been the mainstay of treatment of endobronchial IMTs, based on the potential for recurrence. Interventional pulmonology has emerged as a minimally invasive and lung function preserving modality in management of airway obstruction due to tumours.

Challenging drug-resistant TB treatment journey for children, adolescents and their care-givers: A qualitative study.

Background: Childhood multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) still affects around 25000 children every year across the globe. Though the treatment success rates for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) in children are better than adults, children and adolescents face unique hurdles during DR-TB (MDR-TB, Pre-XDR TB and XDR-TB) treatment. This study aimed to understand the patients, guardians and healthcare providers' perspectives about DR-TB treatment journey of patients and caregivers.

Treatment outcomes of children and adolescents receiving drug-resistant TB treatment in a routine TB programme, Mumbai, India.

Background: Childhood and adolescent drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) is one of the neglected infectious diseases. Limited evidence exists around programmatic outcomes of children and adolescents receiving DR-TB treatment. The study aimed to determine the final treatment outcomes, culture conversion rates and factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome in children and adolescents with DR-TB.

Nasal Airway Resistance and Latent Lower Airway Involvement in Allergic Rhinitis.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are closely linked atopic conditions, often termed as one airway one disease. Nasal airflow obstruction is a cardinal symptom of AR and objective assessment of resistance to nasal airflow in rhinitis can be measured by active anterior rhinomanometry. This study was aimed at correlating the degree of resistance to nasal airflow (NAR) with the clinical severity of allergic rhinitis.

Epituberculosis Revisited: Case Report and Review.

Primary pulmonary tuberculosis can involve regional lymph nodes which may resolve spontaneously or on treatment; or they may enlarge causing extrinsic bronchial compression; or cause endobronchial inflammation and ulceration; or a node may erode through the bronchial wall with extrusion of caseous materials into the bronchial tree, causing focal or lobar pneumonia. This erosion is seen radiologically as hilar lymphadenopathy, with atelectasis and consolidation and described as "epituberculosis". It is more common in infants than older children.

Association of Environmental Factors, Prevalence of Asthma and Respiratory Morbidity in Mumbai: Need of a Public Health Policy.

Objective: To study the association between environmental factors, prevalence of asthma and respiratory morbidity in relation to air quality levels in a mega city. To study modifiable environmental factors in people with diagnosed asthma and increased respiratory morbidity.

Methods: Cross sectional survey of population (N-3233) from 6 localities near air quality stations was done to study prevalence of asthma and respiratory morbidity (n-1006) followed by case control study of environmental factors by air sampling to study biological contamination.

An ultrasonic atomization assisted synthesis of self-assembled manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve nanostructures and their application in catalysis and water treatment.

Manganese oxides of octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) type have important applications in oxidation catalysis, adsorption, and as battery materials. The synthesis methods employed determine their morphology and textural properties which markedly affect their catalytic activity. In this work, a room temperature ultrasonic atomization assisted synthesis of OMS-2 type materials is demonstrated.

Isoniazid Induced Lupus Presenting as Oral Mucosal Ulcers with Pancytopenia.

Drug Induced Lupus Erythematous (DILE) is a rare adverse reaction to a large variety of drugs including Isoniazid (INH), with features resembling idiopathic Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Diagnosis require identification of a temporal relationship between drug administered and symptom. It is an idiosyncratic reaction, with no pre-existing lupus.

Rare Case of Unilateral Hypoplasia of Lung with Associated Ventricular Mass in an Adult.

Hypoplasia of the lung is a rare congenital condition which can be: a) primary i.e. no apparent cause is found; or b) secondary i.

Endobronchial tuberculosis mimicking malignancy.

Endobronchial tuberculosis has a very varied presentation. Diagnosis is often very challenging as typical radiological features are absent and sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli is often negative. However, detection is essential as it may lead to long-term sequelae such as bronchial stenosis.

Incidence of silicosis in flourmill workers.

Background: Silicosis is an ancient occupational illness reported in silica mill workers, agate stone workers, slate pen workers and mining industry. However its association in flour mill workers has not been established.

Aims: To study the incidence of silicosis and respiratory morbidity in flour mill workers.

Light-assisted synthesis of metal oxide hierarchical structures and their catalytic applications.

Short reaction times and morphology control in the synthesis of inorganic materials under nonthermal conditions remain a challenge. Herein we report a rapid, self-templating, and nonthermal method based on ultraviolet light to prepare metal oxide hierarchical structures. With this method, the morphology of the metal oxides was controlled readily without using templates.