Left ventricular noncompaction and myocardial fibrosis: a case report.

Background: Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare congenital abnormality. It is currently classified as a genetic cardiomyopathy and results from early arrest of endomyocardial morphogenesis. The pathophysiology of left ventricular dysfunction, which becomes apparent beyond the 4th decade of life, is unclear.

Lipid management reduces cardiovascular complications in individuals with diabetes and prediabetes.

Patients with type 2 diabetes are known to have an elevated risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Prior to the development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes, individuals undergo a prolonged prediabetic phase involving hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk and is considered a cardiovascular risk equivalent.