Investigating the effects of negative-calorie diet compared with low-calorie diet under exercise conditions on weight loss and lipid profile in overweight/obese middle-aged and older men.

Background/aim: Negative-calorie diets (NCDs) are among the popular dieting guides for weight loss; however, there is still little knowledge about this method. The present study aimed to determine the effects of a NCD supplemented with exercise on weight loss and lipid profile, and to compare its efficiency with low-calorie diets (LCDs) with exercise among elderly adult men with abnormal weight gain.

Materials And Methods: Participants included sedentary men (aged 45-75 years) who were overweight or obese (n = 37).

[Maximal aerobic potential as a criteria for optimal ontogenesis].

On the basis of theoretical analysis and personal experimental data the methodology of evaluation of the optimal ontogenesis (physical development of children and adolescents) based of the criteria of bioenergetics is evaluated, the low edge of aerobic capacity as development optimum.

[Evaluation of health status in an individual].

The paper substantiates the methodology and methods of assessing the level of somatic health by direct indices, presents data on its informative values, and describes new health phenomena obtained from population surveys.

[Individual health: essence, mechanisms, manifestations].

The paper provides evidence for that it is necessary to enhance the efficiency of prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases by applying the new strategy--the individual's health controlling strategy. To characterize the controlled object--individual health--its essence, mechanisms, and manifestations are considered. On this basis it is stated that a positive health scale can be constructed.

[Sanology as a science].

The paper focuses on the history and sources of origin of sanology as science, with its brief characterization being given, relating to such items as definition, object and subject of investigation, methodological approaches and tasks, with special emphasis being placed on the significance of sanology in the elaboration of general theory of medicine.

[Several current problems of prevention].

The article examines the strategy of health protection of the population: the formation of demand for health-promoting activities through establishing the priority of health in public relations; the necessity of using the new methodology in screening for health, permitting to determine its level in practically healthy persons; new organization of health-promoting infrastructure; the issues related to the training of family physicians in the field of health-promoting medicine.

[Tolerance for controlled physical loading in chronic hypercapnia in man].

Young healthy test subjects showed adaptation to chronic hypercapnia during long-term exposure to an atmosphere containing 0.8--1.8% CO2 at normal atmospheric pressure: bradycardia, increase in vital lung capacity and chest movements, improvement of tests with breathing retention and further decrease in oxyhemoglobin.

[Nature of self-regulation of the blood circulation as a criterion of body tolerance to external factors].

With respect to the proportion of the theoretical and actual values of the cardiac output and the peripheral resistance 98 young healthy men were divided into three groups: 42 with the mixed type, 31 with the cardiac type and 25 with the vascular type of the circulation regulation. The environmental factors of a small size chamber gave rise to the changes that were the greatest in the subjects with the cardiac regulation and the least in the subjects with the mixed regulation. The subjects with the vascular type of regulation were those who showed varying tolerance to the environmental effects.