Understanding the effects of different loadings on properties of a silicon/carbon anode for lithium batteries.

Battery cells based on different silicon/carbon (Si/C) loadings were assembled in this work. Their battery performance, in particular their capacity and cycling stability, was evaluated. The battery was assembled in a way that a pure Li metal counter electrode, LiPF liquid electrolyte and pole piece with Si/C coatings were employed.

CRISPRoffT: comprehensive database of CRISPR/Cas off-targets.

The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR-associated protein) programmable nuclease system continues to evolve, with in vivo therapeutic gene editing increasingly applied in clinical settings. However, off-target effects remain a significant challenge, hindering its broader clinical application. To enhance the development of gene-editing therapies and the accuracy of prediction algorithms, we developed CRISPRoffT (https://ccsm.

Association of cognitive performance with overall, dosage, intensity, and domain physical activity in aging: NHANES 2011-2014.

Background: The specific relationship between PA in detailed types and cognition is still unclear due to limited evidence. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive performance and various aspects of physical activity, including overall activity, dosage, intensity levels [moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous PA], and different domains of activity [occupational PA (OPA), transportation PA (TPA), and leisure-time PA (LTPA)] in older adults using data from the NHANES database.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used data from 2 cycles of NHANES (2011-2014).

Behavior Change Techniques Used in Self-Management Interventions Based on mHealth Apps for Adults With Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Hypertension has become an important global public health challenge. Mobile health (mHealth) intervention is a viable strategy to improve outcomes for patients with hypertension. However, evidence on the effect of mHealth app interventions on self-management in patients with hypertension is yet to be updated, and the active ingredients promoting behavior change in interventions remain unclear.

Systematic Development of an AI Chatbot for Physical Activity Habit Formation in Prehypertension Individual Integrating Needs, Theories, and Evidence.

Prehypertension, an early stage in the development of hypertension, impacts a substantial segment of the adult population worldwide. Addressing this issue, our study introduces HabitBot, an AI-driven chatbot tailored to encourage physical activity (PA) habits among individuals with prehypertension. HabitBot combines natural language processing with multidisciplinary approaches, drawing from both theoretical frameworks and empirical studies.

Effects of Mobile Applications on Weight-Related, Behavior and Metabolic Outcomes for Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The meta-analysis aimed to explore the effects of mobile phone applications on weight-related, behavior, and metabolic outcomes among adults with overweight and obesity. Six databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1, 2010 and November 7, 2023 in English. Two independent authors conducted study selection, data extraction, quality assessment.

The Acceptance of Using Large Language Model Among Older Adults: A Study Based on TAM.

This study investigates the acceptance of large language models (LLMs) among older adults using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research, conducted through a cross-sectional survey, explores the influence of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on intension to use among older adults. The results show that the subjective norm, image, job relevance, output quality, result demonstrability, perceived ease of use have a significant positive and direct impact on perceived usefulness (β=0.

Detection and Evaluation for High-Quality CPR Based on Motion Capture Devices: A Preliminary Test.

High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is important for successful revival. This test aimed to accurately and effectively assess parameters in CPR operations, particularly focusing on the non-quantified arm posture, to assist instructors in guiding students to enhance the quality of their performance. We used motion capture system (Mars series, Nokov, China) to collect compression data from four trained students about five rounds of CPR, recording dynamic data of each marker in three-dimensional space following time.

Modulating crystal facets of photoanodes for photoelectrocatalytic scalable degradation of fluorinated pharmaceuticals in wastewater.

Fluorinated pharmaceuticals pollution has become an ever-increasing environmental concern due to its negative impacts. Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation system is a desirable approach to tackle the pollution problems. However, photogenerated charge separation and interfacial mass transfer are the main bottlenecks for improving the PEC degradation performance.

Phase-Stabilized Nickel-Molybdenum Electrocatalyst by Samarium Doping for Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Water Electrolysis.

Although the nickel-molybdenum electrocatalyst exhibits excellent activity in the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), its stability is poor mainly due to molybdenum leaching. This work reports that doping samarium into nickel-molybdenum electrocatalyst effectively suppresses molybdenum leaching by forming a stable phase consisting of Sm, Mo, and O elements. The resulting electrode displays no noticeable activity degradation during the long-term testing (> 850 h) under a current density of 500 mA cm in 1 м KOH This enhanced stability is ascribed to the formation of a robust phase within the HER potential windows in alkaline electrolytes, as evidenced by the Pourbaix diagram.

Detection and Evaluation for High-Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Based on a Three-Dimensional Motion Capture System: A Feasibility Study.

High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and training are important for successful revival during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, existing training faces challenges in quantifying each aspect. This study aimed to explore the possibility of using a three-dimensional motion capture system to accurately and effectively assess CPR operations, particularly about the non-quantified arm postures, and analyze the relationship among them to guide students to improve their performance.

Artificial switches induce the bespoke production of functional compounds in marine microalgae Chlorella by neutralizing CO.

To improve the CO tolerance of a marine microalga Chlorella sp. of which the production capacity has been demonstrated industrially, a mutant library was created and a strain hct53 was screened. Compared to the parental strain, hct53 shows a high CO capture capacity, while starch biosynthesis is compromised, with increases in health beneficial metabolites and antioxidant capacity.

Effects of habit formation interventions on physical activity habit strength: meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Background: Interventions aimed at promoting physical activity (PA) behavior through habit formation pathways are gaining popularity, as they differ from conventional interventions that rely on intention pathways. Past research has established a positive correlation between PA habits and behavior. However, the efficacy of current interventions designed to form PA habits and improve PA automaticity is not yet fully ascertained.

Engineering a marine microalga Chlorella sp. as the cell factory.

The use of marine microalgae in industrial systems is attractive for converting CO into value-added products using saline water and sunlight. The plant nature and demonstrated industrial potential facilitate Chlorella spp. as excellent model organisms for both basic research and commercial application.

Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Single-Atom Pt Doped in Ni Matrix under Strong Alkaline Condition.

Pt catalyst has been considered as the state-of-the-art catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under acid condition. However, its catalytic kinetics under alkaline conditions is not well-understood. Herein, we report a Ni-Pt(SAs) (SAs = single atoms) catalyst with Pt atomically dispersed in a Ni matrix, and it possesses an impressive HER performance with an overpotential as low as 210 mV at 500 mA cm in strong alkaline electrolyte (7 M KOH), which is much higher than Pt nanoparticle-modified Ni catalyst (Ni-Pt(NPs)).

Identifying and Removing the Interfacial States in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Schottky Si Photoanodes for the Highest Fill Factor.

A critical bottleneck for realizing an efficient Schottky type Si photoelectrode is minimizing the charge extraction losses across the heterointerface via reducing the unfavorite defects. This requires a clear microscopic insight into the correlation between interfacial features and photoconversion. Herein, by taking the n-Si/oxide (MO)/Ni as the prototype, the heterointerface with the different characteristics and its effects on charge transportation and the corresponding photoelectric/photoelectrochemical (PEC) behaviors were clarified.

Widespread Sterol Methyltransferase Participates in the Biosynthesis of Both C4α- and C4β-Methyl Sterols.

The 4-methyl steranes serve as molecular fossils and are used for studying both eukaryotic evolution and geological history. The occurrence of 4α-methyl steranes in sediments has long been considered evidence of products of partial demethylation mediated by sterol methyl oxidases (SMOs), while 4β-methyl steranes are attributed entirely to diagenetic generation from 4α-methyl steroids since possible biological sources of their precursor 4β-methyl sterols are unknown. Here, we report a previously unknown C4-methyl sterol biosynthetic pathway involving a sterol methyltransferase rather than the SMOs.

Boosting Electrochemical Water Oxidation on NiFe (oxy) Hydroxides by Constructing Schottky Junction toward Water Electrolysis under Industrial Conditions.

The practical deployment of promising NiFe-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is heavily limited due to the constrain in both stability and activity under industrial conditions. Herein, a 3D free-standing NiFe(oxy)hydroxide-based electrode with Schottky junction is constructed, in which NiFe(oxy)hydroxide (NiFe(OH) ) nanosheets are chemically assembled on the top of metal-like Ni S scaffold that are in situ formed on commercial Ni mesh. Such an assembly enhances the binding strength of each components, promotes the charge transfer across the interfaces, and modulates the electronic and nanostructural features of NiFe(OH) .

Water Oxidation Catalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis.

Water oxidation is the primary reaction of both natural and artificial photosynthesis. Developing active and robust water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is the key to constructing efficient artificial photosynthesis systems, but it is still facing enormous challenges in both fundamental and applied aspects. Here, the recent developments in molecular catalysts and heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts are reviewed with special emphasis on biomimetic catalysts and the integration of WOCs into artificial photosystems.

A Pt-CoO-CD electrocatalyst with enhanced electrocatalytic performance and resistance to CO poisoning achieved by carbon dots and CoO for direct methanol fuel cells.

Highly efficient electrocatalysts remain huge challenges in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Here, a Pt-CoO-CDs/C composite was fabricated as an anode electrocatalyst with low Pt content (12 wt%) by using carbon dots (CDs) and CoO nanoparticles as building blocks. The Pt-CoO-CDs/C composite catalyst shows a significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity (1393.