Diagnostic test accuracy of self-administered cognitive assessment tools for dementia.

Background: Dementia is a chronic and progressive clinical syndrome that can present with a range of cognitive and behavioural symptoms. Global prevalence is projected to increase due to ageing populations, particularly in resource-limited settings, with significant associated health and social care costs. There is a critical need for accurate cognitive assessment as part of the diagnostic workup for dementia.

General practitioners' and women's experiences of perimenopause consultations: A qualitative evidence synthesis protocol.

Background: Perimenopause precedes menopause and can cause a myriad of symptoms for women. General practitioners (GPs) are frequently the first contact for perimenopausal women with symptoms. However, women express feeling dissatisfied with the consultations they have with their GPs for perimenopausal symptoms.

Demystifying Open Science in health psychology and behavioral medicine: a practical guide to Registered Reports and Data Notes.

Open Science practices are integral to increasing transparency, reproducibility, and accessibility of research in health psychology and behavioral medicine. Drives to facilitate Open Science practices are becoming increasingly evident in journal editorial policies, including the establishment of new paper formats such as Registered Reports and Data Notes. This paper provides: (i) an overview of the current state of Open Science policies within health psychology and behavioral medicine, (ii) a call for submissions to an Article Collection of Registered Reports and Data Notes as new paper formats within the journal of , (iii) an overview of Registered Reports and Data Notes, and (iv) practical considerations for authors and reviewers of Registered Reports and Data Notes.

Effectiveness of preoperative multimedia educational sessions on the levels of anxiety and satisfaction among women undergoing cesarean: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the effectiveness of preoperative multimedia educational sessions on the levels of anxiety and satisfaction among women undergoing cesarean section (CS). The Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were searched without language limitations for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from their inception up to October 15, 2023. A random-effect meta-analysis was conducted, and the quality of this meta-analysis was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

The replication crisis has led to positive structural, procedural, and community changes.

The emergence of large-scale replication projects yielding successful rates substantially lower than expected caused the behavioural, cognitive, and social sciences to experience a so-called 'replication crisis'. In this Perspective, we reframe this 'crisis' through the lens of a credibility revolution, focusing on positive structural, procedural and community-driven changes. Second, we outline a path to expand ongoing advances and improvements.

Teaching open and reproducible scholarship: a critical review of the evidence base for current pedagogical methods and their outcomes.

In recent years, the scientific community has called for improvements in the credibility, robustness and reproducibility of research, characterized by increased interest and promotion of open and transparent research practices. While progress has been positive, there is a lack of consideration about how this approach can be embedded into undergraduate and postgraduate research training. Specifically, a critical overview of the literature which investigates how integrating open and reproducible science may influence is needed.

Defining Pediatric Chronic Critical Illness: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: Children with chronic critical illness (CCI) are hypothesized to be a high-risk patient population with persistent multiple organ dysfunction and functional morbidities resulting in recurrent or prolonged critical care; however, it is unclear how CCI should be defined. The aim of this scoping review was to evaluate the existing literature for case definitions of pediatric CCI and case definitions of prolonged PICU admission and to explore the methodologies used to derive these definitions.

Data Sources: Four electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) from inception to March 3, 2021.

Strategies to Mitigate and Treat Orthopaedic Device-Associated Infections.

Orthopaedic device implants play a crucial role in restoring functionality to patients suffering from debilitating musculoskeletal diseases or to those who have experienced traumatic injury. However, the surgical implantation of these devices carries a risk of infection, which represents a significant burden for patients and healthcare providers. This review delineates the pathogenesis of orthopaedic implant infections and the challenges that arise due to biofilm formation and the implications for treatment.

Meta-Analysis on Utility of Bronchoscopy in Addition to Computed Tomography Thorax in the Investigation of Lung Cancer in Patients with Haemoptysis.

Background: In patients with haemoptysis, many healthcare systems support bronchoscopy regardless of computed tomography (CT) findings.

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to address whether a normal CT alone is sufficient to out-rule lung cancer in patients with haemoptysis.

Methods: A search was performed of the following databases: EBSCO (Medline), PubMed, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Embase.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Control Measures on the Mental Health of the General Population : A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.

Background: To what extent the COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures influenced mental health in the general population is still unclear.

Purpose: To assess the trajectory of mental health symptoms during the first year of the pandemic and examine dose-response relations with characteristics of the pandemic and its containment.

Data Sources: Relevant articles were identified from the living evidence database of the COVID-19 Open Access Project, which indexes COVID-19-related publications from MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via Ovid, and PsycInfo.

A network of change: united action on research integrity.

The last decade has seen renewed concern within the scientific community over the reproducibility and transparency of research findings. This paper outlines some of the various responsibilities of stakeholders in addressing the systemic issues that contribute to this concern. In particular, this paper asserts that a united, joined-up approach is needed, in which all stakeholders, including researchers, universities, funders, publishers, and governments, work together to set standards of research integrity and engender scientific progress and innovation.

Diagnostic test accuracy of remote, multidomain cognitive assessment (telephone and video call) for dementia.

Background: Remote cognitive assessments are increasingly needed to assist in the detection of cognitive disorders, but the diagnostic accuracy of telephone- and video-based cognitive screening remains unclear.

Objectives: To assess the test accuracy of any multidomain cognitive test delivered remotely for the diagnosis of any form of dementia. To assess for potential differences in cognitive test scoring when using a remote platform, and where a remote screener was compared to the equivalent face-to-face test.

Roleplay as an Educational Strategy in Palliative Care: A Systematic Integrative Review.

Introduction: Simulation activities, such as roleplay, have become established in undergraduate and graduate education in several subjects of healthcare. The objective of this study was to synthesize the evidence available in the literature on the use of roleplay as an educational strategy in palliative care.

Methods: Using the method proposed by Whittemore and Knafl, this integrative systematic review was carried out based on the following guiding question: "What is the available evidence in the literature on the use of roleplay as an educational strategy in the teaching of palliative care?" The databases used for the selection of articles were the following: Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and LILACS.

A decade of theory as reflected in Psychological Science (2009-2019).

The dominant belief is that science progresses by testing theories and moving towards theoretical consensus. While it's implicitly assumed that psychology operates in this manner, critical discussions claim that the field suffers from a lack of cumulative theory. To examine this paradox, we analysed research published in Psychological Science from 2009-2019 (N = 2,225).

Professional characteristics and the prevalence of advance directives among palliative care professionals: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between professional characteristics and the prevalence of advance directives among palliative care professionals.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A diverse sample of 327 healthcare professionals completed an online survey investigating demographic variables, length of time working in palliative care, post-graduate qualifications in palliative care, and development of their own advance directives.

Conceptualising a model to guide nursing and midwifery in the community guided by an evidence review.

Background: Successful models of nursing and midwifery in the community delivering healthcare throughout the lifespan and across a health and illness continuum are limited, yet necessary to guide global health services. Primary and community health services are the typical points of access for most people and the location where most care is delivered. The scope of primary healthcare is complex and multifaceted and therefore requires a practice framework with sound conceptual and theoretical underpinnings.

Normalising breastfeeding within a formula feeding culture: An Irish qualitative study.

Background: Breastfeeding rates in Ireland are among the lowest in Europe. Breastfeeding groups can provide support, information, and friendship for women. However, there is little research exploring community breastfeeding groups led by Public Health Nurses providing universal maternal and child care to all postnatal mothers in the community in Ireland.

Nanoparticles and the blood-brain barrier: advancing from in-vitro models towards therapeutic significance.

The blood-brain barrier is a unique cell-based restrictive barrier that prevents the entry of many substances, including most therapeutics, into the central nervous system. A wide range of nanoparticulate delivery systems have been investigated with the aim of targeting therapeutics (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins) to the brain following administration by various routes. This review provides a comprehensive description of the design and formulation of these nanoparticles including the rationale behind individual approaches.

Exploring the impact of drug properties on the extent of intestinal lymphatic transport - in vitro and in vivo studies.

Purpose: Intestinal lymphatic transport of specific lipophilic drugs offers therapeutic advantages and maximises oral bioavailability. The aims of this study were; to compare intestinal lymphatic transport of a range of drugs and to investigate the influence of cyclosporine A on the mechanism/extent of lymphatic transport.

Methods: Caco2 cells and an anaesthetised mesenteric lymphatic cannulated rat model were used for in vitro and in vivo studies.

Orthogonal identification of gunshot residue with complementary detection principles of voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy: sample, screen, and confirm.

Field-deployable voltammetric screening coupled with complementary laboratory-based analysis to confirm the presence of gunshot residue (GSR) from the hands of a subject who has handled, loaded, or discharged a firearm is described. This protocol implements the orthogonal identification of the presence of GSR utilizing square-wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV) as a rapid screening tool along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to confirm the presence of the characteristic morphology and metal composition of GSR particles. This is achieved through the judicious modification of the working electrode of a carbon screen-printed electrode (CSPE) with carbon tape (used in SEM analysis) to fix and retain a sample.

Biophysical and structural characterisation of nucleic acid complexes with modified cyclodextrins using circular dichroism.

Modified cyclodextrins (CDs) have shown great promise as non-viral gene and siRNA delivery vectors in a range of in vitro and in vivo studies. In the current study, structural and biophysical characterisation of selected CDs was carried out to enhance our understanding of their interaction with nucleic acids. The methods used for such characterisation were dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements and circular dichroism.

Gastrointestinal gene delivery by cyclodextrins--in vitro quantification of extracellular barriers.

Local gene delivery represents a promising therapeutic approach for diseases of the intestine. However, the gastrointestinal tract poses significant challenges to successful gene delivery. Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been extensively investigated as non-viral vectors.

Non-viral nanosystems for gene and small interfering RNA delivery to the central nervous system: formulating the solution.

The application of gene and RNAi-based therapies to the central nervous system (CNS), for neurological and neurodegenerative disease, offers immense potential. The issue of delivery to the target site remains the single greatest barrier to achieving this. There are challenges to gene and siRNA (small interfering RNA) delivery which are specific to the CNS, including the post-mitotic nature of neurons, their resistance to transfection and the blood-brain barrier.

Solid-state Forensic Finger sensor for integrated sampling and detection of gunshot residue and explosives: towards 'Lab-on-a-finger'.

Increasing security needs require field-deployable, on-the-spot detection tools for the rapid and reliable identification of gunshot residue (GSR) and nitroaromatic explosive compounds. This manuscript presents a simple, all-solid-state, wearable fingertip sensor for the rapid on-site voltammetric screening of GSR and explosive surface residues. To fabricate the new Forensic Fingers, we screen-print a three-electrode setup onto a nitrile finger cot, and coat another finger cot with an ionogel electrolyte layer.