Long-term outcomes of older adults with acute COVID-19 following inpatient geriatric rehabilitation: a prospective cohort study from the Republic of Ireland.

Background: There is a paucity of research reporting the long-term outcomes of older adults who have completed geriatric rehabilitation following COVID-19.

Aim: The primary aim of this study is to describe the long-term functional outcomes of a cohort of older adults with acute COVID-19 who have completed inpatient geriatric rehabilitation.

Methods: This is a subgroup analysis of Irish data from a pan-European prospective cohort study.

Tumour budding as a prognostic biomarker in biopsies and resections of neoadjuvant-treated rectal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Tumour budding (TB) is a marker of tumour aggressiveness which, when measured in rectal cancer resection specimens, predicts worse outcomes and response to neoadjuvant therapy. We investigated the utility of TB assessment in the setting of neoadjuvant treatment.

Methods And Results: A single-centre, retrospective cohort study was conducted.

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Cohort Study of Process, Clinical, and Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Background: This study aimed to explore the process, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes of older adults who received an interdisciplinary Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) in the emergency department (ED) over a six-month period after their initial ED attendance.

Patients And Methods: A prospective cohort study recruited older adults aged ≥65 years who presented to the ED of a university teaching hospital in Ireland. Baseline assessment data comprising a battery of demographic variables and validated indices were obtained at the index ED attendance.

A Physiotherapy-Led Transition to Home Intervention for Older Adults Following Emergency Department Discharge: A Pilot Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial (ED PLUS).

Background: Older adults frequently attend the emergency department (ED) and experience high rates of subsequent adverse outcomes including functional decline, ED re-presentation and unplanned hospital admission. The development of effective interventions to prevent such outcomes is a key priority for research and service provision. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of a physiotherapy-led integrated care intervention for older adults discharged from the ED (ED PLUS).

Antipsychotic drug prescribing and mortality in people with dementia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study in Wales, UK.

Background: Concerns have been raised that antipsychotic drug prescribing, which has been associated with increased mortality in people with dementia, might have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic due to social restrictions imposed to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We used multisource, routinely collected health-care data from Wales, UK to investigate prescribing and mortality variations in people with dementia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we used individual-level, anonymised, population-scale linked health data to identify adults aged 60 years and older with a diagnosis of dementia in Wales, UK.

Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation for older adults with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and process outcomes.

Background: Older adults are at increased risk for disease severity and poorer prognosis following COVID-19 infection. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore the impact of multidisciplinary rehabilitation in the acute or post-acute hospital setting for older adults with COVID-19.

Methods: The Cochrane library, EMBASE, Cinahl and Medline (via EBSCO), PubMed, and Web of Science were systematically searched in June 2022 and a repeat search was completed in March 2023.

The Gender-Specific Relationship between Nutritional Status, Physical Activity and Functional Mobility in Irish Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Research suggests that both nutrition and physical activity can protect mobility in older adults, but it is yet to be determined whether these relationships are affected by gender. Thus, we investigated the gender-specific relationship between nutritional status, physical activity level and functional mobility in Irish older adults. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 176 community-dwelling older adults (73.

Applications of Circulating Tumor DNA in a Cohort of Phase I Solid Tumor Patients Treated With Immunotherapy.

Background: The correlation between blood-based tumor mutation burden (bTMB) and tissue-based tumor mutation burden(tTMB) has not been broadly tested in a multicancer cohort. Here, we assess the correlation between bTMB with tTMB in phase I trial patients treated with immunotherapy. As an exploratory analysis, we evaluated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) dynamics in responders.

The nutritional status and dietary intake of free-living seniors: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: Older adults are a population group at risk of inadequate nutrition due to reduced appetite, malabsorption, taste alterations and social factors. Yet, dietary investigations in Irish older adults are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse the nutritional status and dietary intake of a sample of community-dwelling Irish elderly, in addition to the effect of age and gender on dietary intake in this age group.

Identifying dietary patterns in Irish schoolchildren and their association with nutritional knowledge and markers of health before and after intervention.

The aim of the study was to identify dietary patterns (DP) and examine differences in anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), cardiorespiratory fitness and nutritional knowledge of 6- and 10-year-old children at baseline and following a nutrition and physical activity intervention, with respect to DP and treatment group. This is a longitudinal study. Food diary, nutritional knowledge questionnaire and 550-m walk/run test measured dietary intake, nutritional knowledge and cardiorespiratory fitness, respectively.

Cheese as a functional food for older adults: comparing the bioactive properties of different cheese matrices following simulated gastrointestinal digestion.

Age-related changes to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can impact how food is digested. Studying the effects of these changes can help identify functional foods for older adults. Cheese was digested using two simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) models representing adult and elderly gastro-intestinal conditions.

Dietary protein considerations for muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass preservation in older adults.

Amino acid bioavailability is critical for muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and preservation of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Ageing is associated with reduced responsiveness of MPS to essential amino acids (EAA). Further, the older adult population experiences anabolic resistance, leading to increased frailty, functional decline and depleted muscle mass preservation, which facilitates the need for increased protein intake to increase their SMM.

A 34-Year-Old Man With a Chylothorax and Bony Pain.

A 34-year-old man presented to a community hospital with sudden-onset pleuritic chest pain on a background of a 12-month indolent history of progressive exertional dyspnea. He denied cough, fevers, night sweats, or weight loss. He reported some low back pain and ache.

The role of nutrition and physical activity in frailty: A review.

Frailty is a clinical syndrome with a worldwide prevalence of 5-27% among those aged over 65 years. Frailty is characterised by loss of muscle strength and impaired physical function, and is associated with increased falls, hospitalisation and death. Nutritional deficiencies and low physical activity are common in this age group due to ill health, disability and reductions in enthusiasm, food intake and therefore, energy availability.

Unique mutations in colonic adenomas in an obligate germline Lynch syndrome carrier.

Background: An obligate germline Lynch syndrome carrier had four colonic adenomas removed.

Materials And Methods: The adenomas were evaluated for grade of dysplasia, MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6 protein expression, microsatellite instability (MSI), , methylation status and a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of 52 cancer genes.

Results: There were four tubular or tubulovillous adenomas from the hepatic flexure, rectosigmoid and rectum; one with low-grade and high-grade dysplasia, one with high-grade dysplasia only and two with low-grade dysplasia.

Traditional serrated adenoma: an overview of pathology and emphasis on molecular pathogenesis.

Objective: To provide an overview of the pathology and molecular pathogenesis of traditional serrated adenomas (TSA).

Design: Describe the morphology and molecules that play a role in their pathogenesis.

Results: These exuberant polypoid lesions are typified by tall cells with deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm, elongated nuclei bearing delicate chromatin, ectopic crypt foci, deep clefting of the lining mucosa and an overall resemblance to small bowel mucosa.

Project Spraoi: a two-year longitudinal study on the effectiveness of a school-based nutrition and physical activity intervention on dietary intake, nutritional knowledge and markers of health of Irish schoolchildren.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a nutrition and physical activity (PA) intervention on dietary intake (DI), nutritional knowledge (NK), blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measures and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of schoolchildren.

Design: Longitudinal study. DI, NK, BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), BP and CRF were all measured/calculated prior to (October 2014) and at the end of (June 2016) intervention delivery.

Metastatic low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma of uterus presenting as a primary pancreatic tumor: case presentation and literature review.

Background: Metastatic tumors to the pancreas are uncommon, accounting for approximately 2% of pancreatic malignancies. The most common primary tumors to give rise to pancreatic metastases are carcinomas.

Case Presentation: A 50-year old female patient was investigated for a cause of abdominal discomfort.

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue or so-called "dome" carcinoma of the colon: Review.

Aim: To present a comprehensive review of the etiology, clinical features, macroscopic and pathological findings, and clinical significance of Gut-associated lymphoid tissue or "dome" carcinoma of the colon.

Methods: The English language medical literature on gut- or gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) or "dome" carcinoma of the colon was searched and appraised.

Results: GALT/dome-type carcinomas of the colon are thought to arise from the M-cells of the lymphoglandular complex of the intestine.

Neoadjuvant therapy in gynaecological malignancies: What pathologists need to know.

In recent times, there has been a growing tendency to treat advanced gynaecological malignancies with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), with the goal of reducing tumour volume and enhancing operability resulting in optimal cytoreduction. This approach is used in particular for patients with advanced high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary, fallopian tube or peritoneum. Pathology plays a crucial role in the management of these patients, both before and after NACT.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation and rectal cancer.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACR) is now standard of care in stage II and III rectal cancer. The advent of this modality of treatment has impacted on the way the pathological evaluation of resection specimens that have been subjected to preoperative chemoradiation is conducted. The gross description, sectioning and microscopic examination have had to be adapted to accommodate the changes induced by NACR.

Heterogenous loss of mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression: a challenge for immunohistochemical interpretation and microsatellite instability (MSI) evaluation.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins is used to identify MMR status: being diffusely positive (intact/retained nuclear staining) or showing loss of nuclear tumour staining (MMR protein deficient). Four colonic adenocarcinomas and a gastric adenocarcinoma with associated dysplasia that displayed heterogenous IHC staining patterns in at least one of the four MMR proteins were characterised by next-generation sequencing (NGS). In order to examine a potential molecular mechanism for these staining patterns, the respective areas were macrodissected, analysed for microsatellite instability (MSI) and investigated by NGS and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 genes, including MLH1 methylation analysis.

Benign Smooth Muscle Tumors (Leiomyomas) of Deep Somatic Soft Tissue.

Leiomyomas of deep soft tissue are extremely rare and should only be diagnosed following adherence to stringent histological criteria, namely, the absence of nuclear atypia and of coagulative tumor necrosis. Whether extremely low counts of, or even any, mitotic activity are acceptable when making a diagnosis of leiomyoma in deep soft tissue sites is controversial. The morphology and immunophenotype of smooth muscle tumors in deep soft tissue are similar to their counterparts irrespective of topography.