NRG Oncology International Consensus Contouring Atlas on Target Volumes and Dosing Strategies for Dose-Escalated Pancreatic Cancer Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: Dose-escalated radiation therapy is increasingly used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, approaches to target delineation vary widely. We present the first North American cooperative group consensus contouring atlas for dose-escalated pancreatic cancer radiation therapy.

Methods And Materials: An expert international panel comprising 15 radiation oncologists, 2 surgeons, and 1 radiologist was recruited.

Continued improvement to imaging diagnosis and treatment triage of endometriosis: The role of the multi-disciplinary conference.

Patient-centered endometriosis management tailored to the individual patient's subset of symptoms often requires highly sensitive and specific preoperative imaging. In the setting of a present ongoing learning curve among radiologists who interpret pelvis ultrasounds and MRIs for diagnosis of endometriosis, we have found that routine feedback between minimally invasive gynecology surgeons and radiologists, based on pre-operative imaging and postoperative laparoscopic findings, is essential for the continual improvement of imaging-based staging of endometriosis and empower pre-operative imaging as an important pillar of endometriosis management. We share illustrative patient cases, which, after collaborative discussion during our routine multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary conferences (MDCs) have led to improved patient counseling, better pre-surgical planning, and therefore improved patient satisfaction.

Modern glucose-lowering drugs in liver transplant recipients: improvement in weight, glycemic control, and potentially allograft steatosis.

Introduction: Recurrent allograft steatosis occurs in one-third of transplanted livers. Antidiabetic agents like glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter type-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective in the management of obesity and hepatic steatosis in the general population; however, there is limited evidence supporting their use in allograft steatosis. We aimed to evaluate their effects on steatosis, body weight, and glycemic control in liver transplant recipients at our institution.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Pretreatment Evaluation and Follow-Up of Invasive Cancer of the Cervix: 2023 Update.

Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Cervical cancer is staged based on the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification system, which was revised in 2018 to incorporate radiologic and pathologic data. Imaging plays an important role in pretreatment assessment including initial staging and treatment response assessment of cervical cancer.

Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Recommendations for Incidental Gallbladder Polyp Management: Interreader Agreement Among 10 Radiologists.

The 2022 Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) consensus conference recommendations for small gallbladder polyps support management that is less aggressive than earlier approaches and may help standardize evaluation of polyps by radiologists. The purpose of the present study was to assess the interreader agreement of radiologists in applying SRU recommendations for management of incidental gallbladder polyps on ultrasound. This retrospective study included 105 patients (75 women and 30 men; median age, 51 years) with a gallbladder polyp on ultrasound (without features highly suspicious for invasive or malignant tumor) who underwent cholecystectomy between January 1, 2003, and January 1, 2021.

Imaging of Urinary Bladder and Ureteral Endometriosis with Emphasis on Diagnosis and Technique.

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory gynecological condition affecting 10-15% of women in the reproductive age group. The urinary tract is the second most common extragenital organ system affected by endometriosis, and the urinary bladder and ureter are the two most common sites involved. Involvement of the urinary bladder can cause chronic debilitating symptoms, whereas ureteral involvement may lead to asymptomatic loss of renal function.

MR Imaging of Gynecologic Tumors: Pearls, Pitfalls, and Tumor Mimics.

MR imaging is the modality of choice for the pre-treatment evaluation of patients with gynecologic malignancies, given its excellent soft tissue contrast and multi-planar capability. However, it is not without pitfalls. Challenges can be encountered in the assessment of the infiltration of myometrium, vagina, cervical stroma, and parametria, which are crucial prognostic factors for endometrial and cervical cancers.

Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of the Ovary.

Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors (OSCSTs) are a rare group of ovarian neoplasms that can be benign or malignant. They are classified into pure sex cord tumors, pure stromal tumors, and mixed SCST. The most common malignant OSCSTs are adult granulosa cell tumors.

Cystic kidney disease in tuberous sclerosis complex: current knowledge and unresolved questions.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder with an estimated incidence of one in 5000 to 10,000 live births worldwide. Two million people of all races and genders are estimated to have TSC secondary to mutations in one of two tumor suppressor genes, TSC1 or TSC2. The respective TSC1 and 2 gene products - hamartin and tuberin - form cytoplasmic heterodimers that inhibit mTOR-mediated cell growth and division.

MR Imaging of Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasms Part II: Malignant.

MR imaging shows high sensitivity and specificity for discriminating benign from malignant lesions, thereby aiding in cancer management from assessing the initial extent of disease to subsequent treatment response. Understanding the utility and application of advanced imaging techniques allows better lesion characterization. Subtypes of epithelial ovarian tumors are presented, along with characteristic imaging findings, and illustrated with examples.

Introduction of a daily peer learning process with added value for faculty and trainees.

Objective: To implement a new daily peer learning (PL) conference which incorporates faculty and trainees within the abdominal imaging division of a large academic medical center, and to determine participants' level of satisfaction and preference over the pre-existing peer review (PR) model.

Methods: We replaced our pre-existing PR-based tool with a daily hour-long case-based PL teaching conference over a 3-month pilot period. Faculty and trainees were surveyed about their experience at the end of the pilot period.

Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET/MRI) Versus the Standard of Care Imaging in the Diagnosis of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis.

Objective: To compare positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the standard of care imaging (SCI) for the diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) in primary abdominopelvic malignancies.

Summary Background Data: Identifying PC impacts prognosis and management of multiple cancer types.

Methods: Adult subjects were prospectively and consecutively enrolled from April 2019 to January 2021.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Staging and Follow-up of Primary Vaginal Cancer.

Primary vaginal cancer is rare, comprising 1% to 2% of gynecologic malignancies and 20% of all malignancies involving the vagina. More frequently, the vagina is involved secondarily by direct invasion from malignancies originating in adjacent organs or by metastases from other pelvic or extrapelvic primary malignancies. Data on the use of imaging in vaginal cancer are sparse.

Quantitative imaging of uterine cancers with diffusion-weighted MRI and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT.

Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of women with uterine cervical and endometrial cancers. Quantitative imaging, through MRI, PET/CT, and hybrid PET/MRI, allows for characterization of primary tumors beyond anatomic and qualitative descriptors. MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) yields an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which can be applied in both the pre-and post-treatment assessment of uterine tumors.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Staging and Follow-up of Vulvar Cancer.

Vulvar cancer is an uncommon gynecologic tumor and one of several human papillomavirus-associated malignancies. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent histologic subtype of vulvar cancer, accounting for the majority of cases. Imaging plays an important role in managing vulvar cancer.

Promoting Lactation Support: Challenges and Solutions to Supporting Breastfeeding Radiologists.

Rationale And Objectives: Although the evidence for the benefits of breastfeeding is strong, parents are often unable to continue breastfeeding upon returning from maternity leave for a variety of reasons. Breastfeeding parents in medicine face unique challenges upon returning to the workforce after maternity leave. Current research on breastfeeding radiologists is limited.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Pretreatment Evaluation and Follow-Up of Endometrial Cancer.

To date, there is little consensus on the role of pelvic imaging in assessing local disease extent during initial staging in patients with endometrial carcinoma, with practices differing widely across centers. However, when pretreatment assessment of local tumor extent is indicated, MRI is the preferred imaging modality. Preoperative imaging of endometrial carcinoma can define the extent of disease and indicate the need for subspecialist referral in the presence of deep myometrial invasion, cervical extension, or suspected lymphadenopathy.

Abdominal immune-related adverse events: detection on ultrasonography, CT, MRI and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies are associated with a unique spectrum of complications termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The abdomen is the most frequent site of severe irAEs that require hospitalization with life-threatening consequences. Most abdominal irAEs such as enterocolitis, hepatitis, cholangiopathy, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, adrenalitis, and sarcoid-like reaction are initially detected on imaging such as ultrasonography (US), CT, MRI and fusion 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT during routine surveillance of cancer therapy.

Menstruation: science and society.

Women's health concerns are generally underrepresented in basic and translational research, but reproductive health in particular has been hampered by a lack of understanding of basic uterine and menstrual physiology. Menstrual health is an integral part of overall health because between menarche and menopause, most women menstruate. Yet for tens of millions of women around the world, menstruation regularly and often catastrophically disrupts their physical, mental, and social well-being.

Abdominal Imaging Findings in COVID-19: Preliminary Observations.

Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), demonstrates its highest surface expression in the lung, small bowel, and vasculature, suggesting abdominal viscera may be susceptible to injury. Purpose To report abdominal imaging findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Materials and Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, patients consecutively admitted to a single quaternary care center from March 27 to April 10, 2020, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were included.