An Investigation Into the Measurement of Injury Severity in Running-Related Injury Research: A Scoping Review.

Understanding injury severity is essential to inform injury prevention practice. The aims of this scoping review were to investigate how running-related injury (RRI) severity is measured, compare how it differs across studies, and examine whether it influences study outcomes (i.e.

Definitions and surveillance methods of running-related injuries: A scoping review.

Inconsistent and restricted definitions of injury have contributed to limitations in determining injury rates and identifying risk factors for running-related injuries (RRIs). The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the definitions and surveillance methods of RRIs. A systematic electronic search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscuss, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases.

Psychoeducational interventions for people living with chronic communicable disease: a systematic review.

Objective: Psychoeducation is increasingly recognised for its value in facilitating adaption to a chronic disease diagnosis. This study aimed to synthesise available literature on the psychoeducation interventions available to adults living with chronic communicable disease.

Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, SocINDEX, PsycINFO and PsycArticles were systematically searched up to May 2023.

The Running Injury Continuum: A qualitative examination of recreational runners' description and management of injury.

Introduction: A critical step in understanding and preventing running-related injuries (RRIs) is appropriately defining RRIs. Current definitions of RRIs may not represent the full process of injury development, failing to capture lower levels of injury that many athletes continue to train through. Understanding runners' description and management of the injury development process may allow for a more appropriate examination of all levels of injury.

Running towards injury? A prospective investigation of factors associated with running injuries.

Background: Given the high incidence and heavy burden of running related injuries, large-scale, prospective multifactorial investigations examining potential risk factors are warranted. This study aimed to identify factors associated with running related injuries and to evaluate their potential in injury screening.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Aetiological Factors of Running-Related Injuries: A 12 Month Prospective "Running Injury Surveillance Centre" (RISC) Study.

Background: Running-related injuries (RRIs) are a prevalent issue for runners, with several factors proposed to be causative. The majority of studies to date are limited by retrospective study design, small sample sizes and seem to focus on individual risk factors in isolation. This study aims to investigate the multifactorial contribution of risk factors to prospective RRIs.

Are impact accelerations during treadmill running representative of those produced overground?

Background: Although many runners train overground, measuring impact accelerations on a treadmill may be advantageous for researchers and clinicians. Previous investigations of peak and rate of acceleration (peak, rate) during treadmill running compared to overground running have not examined both the relative consistency and absolute agreement of these measures, or the effect of treadmill stiffness.

Research Question: (1) Are peak and rate produced during running on a stiff and less stiff treadmill 'representative' of those produced during overground running? (2) Are peak and rate measured on treadmills of different stiffness 'representative' of each other?

Methods: Eighteen participants ran at a self-selected pace on three surfaces: Treadmill 1 (reduced stiffness), Treadmill 2 (increased stiffness) and overground on asphalt, whilst peak and rate were recorded at the shank and lower back.

Comparison of impact accelerations between injury-resistant and recently injured recreational runners.

Introduction/purpose: Previous injury has consistently been shown to be one of the greatest risk factors for running-related injuries (RRIs). Runners returning to participation following injury may still demonstrate injury-related mechanics (e.g.

Relative and absolute reliability of shank and sacral running impact accelerations over a short- and long-term time frame.

Whilst running is hugely popular, running-related injuries (RRIs) are prevalent. High impact loading has been proposed to contribute to RRIs, with accelerometers becoming increasingly popular in estimating segmental loading for injury detection and biofeedback training. However, there is a lack of research examining the reliability of measures of impact acceleration across short- and long-term time periods, both prior to and following exerted running.

Risk Factors for Injuries in Runners: A Systematic Review of Foot Strike Technique and Its Classification at Impact.

Background: It has been suggested that foot strike technique (FST) at initial contact is related to running-related injuries (RRIs).

Purpose: To explore the relationship between FST and RRIs.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Do Injury-Resistant Runners Have Distinct Differences in Clinical Measures Compared with Recently Injured Runners?

Introduction: Although lower extremity muscle strength, joint motion, and functional foot alignment are commonly used, time-efficient clinical measures that have been proposed as risk factors for running-related injuries, it is unclear if these factors can distinguish injury resistance in runners.

Purpose: This study compares clinical measures, with consideration of sex, between recently injured runners (3 months to 1 yr prior), those with a high level of injury resistance who have been uninjured for at least 2 yr, and never-injured runners.

Methods: Averaged bilateral values and between-limb symmetry angles of lower limb isometric muscle strength, joint motion, navicular drop, and foot posture index (FPI) were assessed in a cohort of recreational runners, and their injury history was recorded.

A high-intensity, intermittent exercise protocol and dynamic postural control in men and women.

Context: Deficits in dynamic postural control predict lower limb injury. Differing fatiguing protocols negatively affect dynamic postural control. The effect of high-intensity, intermittent exercise on dynamic postural control has not been investigated.

The use of mixture model theory in CFD for the chemical reaction between CO2 and soda lime in closed circuit rebreather scrubbers.

A mixture model simulation is presented by modeling the axial scrubber in a Closed Circuit Rebreather (CCR). The mixture model is a good substitute for the full Eulerian multiphase model because the interphase laws are unknown in this case. Analysis of mesh size, mesh type and inflation are made to independently characterize their accuracy by means of convergence before further comparisons with experimental data.

Dietary (sensory) variety and energy balance.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in US adults is currently 68%, compared with about 47% in the early 1970s. Many dietary factors have been proposed to contribute to the US obesity epidemic, including the percentage of energy intake from fat, carbohydrate and protein; glycemic index; fruit and vegetable intake; caloric beverage intake; and fast food or other restaurant food intake. One factor that may also be important is the variety of foods in the diet having different sensory properties, that is, flavors, textures, shapes and colors.

Amine-functionalised SBA-15 of tailored pore size for heavy metal adsorption.

This study examines the synthesis of SBA-15 with tailored pore sizes through controlled thermal treatment for the adsorption of Pb and Cd ions. The aim is to produce a material that can adsorb heavy metals at both high and low concentrations. The materials were characterised by means of N(2) physisorption, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), microanalysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Large pore bi-functionalised mesoporous silica for metal ion pollution treatment.

Here we demonstrate aminopropyl and mercatopropyl functionalised and bi-functionalised large pore mesoporous silica spheres to extract various metal ions from aqueous solutions towards providing active sorbents for mitigation of metal ion pollution. Elemental analysis (EA) and FTIR techniques were used to quantify the attachment of the aminopropyl and mercatopropyl functional groups to the mesoporous silica pore wall. Functionalisation was achieved by post-synthesis reflux procedures.