A prospective study on the incidence of postponed time-sensitive urological procedures during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic due to patient preference.

Background: The risk of acquiring perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection is concerning for surgeons and patients.

Aims: In this study, we investigate the incidence of postponed, medically necessary, time-sensitive urological procedures due to a patient's unwillingness to proceed to a recommended surgical intervention during the first phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods: We prospectively monitored all patients undergoing elective urological surgery during the initial phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Refining the resolution of craniofacial dysmorphology in bipolar disorder as an index of brain dysmorphogenesis.

As understanding of the genetics of bipolar disorder increases, controversy endures regarding whether the origins of this illness include early maldevelopment. Clarification would be facilitated by a 'hard' biological index of fetal developmental abnormality, among which craniofacial dysmorphology bears the closest embryological relationship to brain dysmorphogenesis. Therefore, 3D laser surface imaging was used to capture the facial surface of 21 patients with bipolar disorder and 45 control subjects; 21 patients with schizophrenia were also studied.