X -linked inheritance of primary ciliary dyskinesia and retinitis pigmentosa due to variant: A case report and literature review.

Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by irreversible bronchial dilation, often caused by infection or inflammation. It can be associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a hereditary disorder affecting cilia function in various organs and flagella. PCD's genetic heterogeneity leads to varying disease severity.

Delayed visit and treatment of lung cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan: a retrospective study.

Objective: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cancer care remains a concern. We aimed to evaluate access to diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer during the pandemic.

Methods: Times (days) from lung cancer symptom onset or referral to visit (pre-visit time), from visit to diagnosis (pre-diagnosis time), and from diagnosis to treatment (pre-treatment time) during the pandemic were compared with the times during the pre-pandemic period.

Clinical Characteristics and Therapeutic Outcomes of Metastatic Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Metastatic peritoneal carcinomatosis (MPC) is not common in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes are still unclear.

Patients And Methods: We recruited 46 NSCLC patients with MPC at Keio University and affiliated hospitals (Keio Lung Oncology Group) between January 2011 and December 2017, then retrospectively investigated their clinical characteristics and the impact of treatment interventions on their survival.

Results: The profile of histological subtype was predominantly adenocarcinoma and 15 patients harbored driver oncogenes.

[A Patient with Small Cell Lung Cancer Presenting with Paralysis and Intramedullary Metastasis Successfully Treated with Chemotherapy].

A 77-year-old man was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC: cT3N3M1b, Stage ⅣA)with bone metastases 1 year and 9 months ago. Although partial response was obtained after 6 courses of chemotherapy with carboplatin(CBDCA)and etoposide(VP-16), multiple brain metastases were observed 5 months after the completion of chemotherapy. The multiple brain metastases completely disappeared after whole brain irradiation.

Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species correlate with ABT-263 sensitivity in non-small-cell lung cancer cells.

ABT-263 (Navitoclax) is a BH3-mimetic drugs targeting anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins, including BCL-2, BCL-xL, and BCL-w, thereby inducing apoptosis. In small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells, the response to ABT-263 is associated with the expression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) protein, however the efficacy of ABT-263 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been thoroughly evaluated. There are currently no established biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of ABT-263 treatment in NSCLC.

IgG4-related pleural disease in a patient with pulmonary adenocarcinoma under durvalumab treatment: a case report.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. The unique adverse events that can arise after treatment with ICIs are known as immune-related adverse events (irAE). As the number of cases under treatment with ICIs increases, new types of characteristics of irAE have emerged.

Pulmonary Intravascular Large B-cell Lymphoma in a Patient Administered Methotrexate for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

A 70-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing methotrexate (MTX) treatment presented with dyspnea and a subfever. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a diffuse minimal ground-glass appearance in both lungs and splenomegaly. The gallium scintigram showed a diffuse, mild uptake in both lungs and the spleen.

A case report of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with long-term survival for over 11 years.

Rationale: This is the first known report in the English literature to describe a case of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that has been controlled for >11 years.

Patient Concerns: A 71-year-old man visited our hospital because of dry cough.

Diagnosis: Chest computed tomography revealed a tumor on the left lower lobe with pleural effusion, and thoracic puncture cytology indicated lung adenocarcinoma.

A Case of Influenza B and Coinfection in an Adult.

A 19-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of a persistent fever and cough that lasted for over a week. Influenza B virus infection was diagnosed using the rapid test kit. Initially, the patient was diagnosed with influenza B infection associated with lobar pneumonia and treated with an anti-influenza virus drug and sulbactam/ampicillin.

EGFR-mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Accompanied by Transient Asymptomatic Pulmonary Opacities Successfully Treated with "Stop-And-Go" Osimertinib.

A 69-year-old man with post-operative recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma was treated with multiple chemotherapies, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A second biopsy revealed an EGFR T790M mutation. As 10th-line chemotherapy, osimertinib was initiated.

Erlotinib as second- or third-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Keio Lung Oncology Group Study 001 (KLOG001).

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), as second- or third-line treatment for elderly Japanese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The patients eligible for this phase II trial were aged ≥70 years, had stage III/IV or recurrent NSCLC, and had previously received 1 or 2 chemotherapy regimens that did not include EGFR-TKIs. The patients received erlotinib at a dose of 150 mg/day.

Effects of the common polymorphism in the human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene on the lung.

Background: Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) play a major role in detoxification of aldehydes. High expression of ALDHs is a marker for stem cells of many organs including the lungs. A common polymorphism in ALDH2 gene (ALDH2*2) results in inactivation of the enzyme and is associated with alcohol flushing syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular and Alzheimer's diseases and some cancers.

Successful treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer with afatinib and a glucocorticoid following gefitinib- and erlotinib-induced interstitial lung disease: A case report.

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) may be a life-threatening condition that may develop during treatment of lung cancer patients harboring EGFR mutations. We herein present the case of a 41-year-old female patient diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with an EGFR mutation (exon 19 deletion). The patient was treated with gefitinib followed by erlotinib and developed ILD induced by both EGFR-TKIs; furthermore, the patient acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI treatment.

Using Micro-computed Tomography for the Assessment of Tumor Development and Follow-up of Response to Treatment in a Mouse Model of Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is the most lethal cancer in the world. Intensive research is ongoing worldwide to identify new therapies for lung cancer. Several mouse models of lung cancer are being used to study the mechanism of cancer development and to experiment with various therapeutic strategies.

Activation of EGFR Bypass Signaling by TGFα Overexpression Induces Acquired Resistance to Alectinib in ALK-Translocated Lung Cancer Cells.

Alectinib is a highly selective ALK inhibitor and shows promising efficacy in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring the EML4-ALK gene rearrangement. The precise mechanism of acquired resistance to alectinib is not well defined. The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of acquired resistance to alectinib in ALK-translocated lung cancer cells.

A Case of Disseminated Cryptococcal Infection and Concurrent Lung Tuberculosis in a Patient under Steroid Therapy for Interstitial Pneumonia.

Both disseminated cryptococcal infection and tuberculosis occur in hosts with impaired cell-mediated immunity, but there have been few reports about the concurrent infections in patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection. A 64-year-old man, who had been taking corticosteroids for interstitial pneumonia, was diagnosed with disseminated cryptococcal infection. While the patient was receiving anticryptococcal therapy, pulmonary tuberculosis also emerged.

Mimicking the niche of lung epithelial stem cells and characterization of several effectors of their in vitro behavior.

The niche surrounding stem cells regulate their fate during homeostasis and after injury or infection. The 3D organoid assay has been widely used to study stem cells behavior based on its capacity to evaluate self-renewal, differentiation and the effect of various medium supplements, drugs and co-culture with supportive cells. We established an assay to study both lung and trachea stem cells in vitro.

A phase II study of biweekly paclitaxel and carboplatin in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: The number of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is increasing. Although several studies have suggested the benefit of chemotherapy with a platinum doublet for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC, this treatment is still controversial in this age group. To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of combination chemotherapy with biweekly paclitaxel and carboplatin for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC, we conducted a multicenter, non-randomized, open label, phase II trial.

Characterization of the cell of origin and propagation potential of the fibroblast growth factor 9-induced mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma.

Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is essential for lung development and is highly expressed in a subset of human lung adenocarcinomas. We recently described a mouse model in which FGF9 expression in the lung epithelium caused proliferation of the airway epithelium at the terminal bronchioles and led to rapid development of adenocarcinoma. Here, we used this model to characterize the effects of prolonged FGF9 induction on the proximal and distal lung epithelia, and examined the propagation potential of FGF9-induced lung tumours.

Expression of fibroblast growth factor 9 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 9 is a member of the FGF family, which modulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Recent studies show that the activation of FGF signals including FGF9 is associated with the pathogenesis of several cancers; however, its clinicopathological and biological significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of NSCLC with FGF9 expression.