BMP3b regulates bone mass by inhibiting BMP signaling.

Bone morphogenetic protein 3b (BMP3b), also known as growth differentiation factor 10 (GDF10), is a non-osteogenic BMP highly expressed in the skeleton. Although in vitro studies have shown that BMP3b suppresses osteoblast differentiation, the physiological role of BMP3b in regulating bone mass in vivo remains unknown. Here, we show that BMP3b deletion in mice leads to a high bone mass phenotype via an unexpected novel mechanism involving de-repression of canonical BMP/Smad signaling.

KIF22 regulates mitosis and proliferation of chondrocyte cells.

Point mutations in have been linked to spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity, type 2 (SEMDJL2). Skeletal features of SEMDJL2 include short stature and joint laxity. Mechanisms underlying these limb abnormalities are unknown.

Dietary restriction plus exercise change gene expression of Cxcl12 abundant reticular cells in female mice.

Introduction: Low energy availability due to excessive exercise lowers bone mass and impairs various physiological functions, including immunity and hematopoiesis. We focused on Cxcl12 abundant reticular (CAR) cells, which are bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and are essential for the maintenance of hematopoietic and immune cells in bone marrow. We examine the functional changes in CAR cells resulting from dietary restriction combined with exercise.

Bub1 suppresses inflammatory arthritis-associated bone loss in mice through inhibition of TNFα-mediated osteoclastogenesis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis, bone and cartilage destruction, and increased fracture risk with bone loss. Although disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have dramatically improved clinical outcomes, these therapies are not universally effective in all patients because of the heterogeneity of RA pathogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying RA pathogenesis, including associated bone loss, in order to identify novel therapeutic targets.

Effect of hormonal therapy on the otoconial changes caused by estrogen deficiency.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is associated with menopause and/or osteopenia. Morphological changes in the otoconial layer have been reported after ovariectomy (OVX). Moreover, hormone replacement therapy decreases BPPV risk.

Histone H3K27 demethylase, Utx, regulates osteoblast-to-osteocyte differentiation.

Osteocytes are master regulators of skeletal homeostasis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of their differentiation. Epigenetic regulations, especially H3K27me3 modification, play critical roles in cell differentiation.

Estrogen receptor α in mature osteoblasts regulates the late stage of bone regeneration.

Estrogen deficiency impairs fracture healing and homeostasis of bone tissue. OVX-induced estrogen deficiency in mice attenuates fracture healing and changes the expression ratio of estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ in callus during the process of fracture healing. Therefore, ERs may be involved in the regulation of fracture healing.

DNA maintenance methylation enzyme Dnmt1 in satellite cells is essential for muscle regeneration.

Epigenetic transcriptional regulation is essential for the differentiation of various types of cells, including skeletal muscle cells. DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) is responsible for maintenance of DNA methylation patterns via cell division. Here, we investigated the relationship between Dnmt1 and skeletal muscle regeneration.

GPRC5A facilitates cell proliferation through cell cycle regulation and correlates with bone metastasis in prostate cancer.

The prognosis of patients with progressive prostate cancers that are hormone refractory and/or have bone metastasis is poor. Multiple therapeutic targets to improve prostate cancer patient survival have been investigated, including orphan GPCRs. In our study, we identified G Protein-Coupled Receptor Class C Group 5 Member A (GPRC5A) as a candidate therapeutic molecule using integrative gene expression analyses of registered data sets for prostate cancer cell lines.

The effects of resistance training on bone mineral density and bone quality in type 2 diabetic rats.

Resistance training (RT) has been known to be effective in maintaining and improving bone strength, which is based on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality. However, it is not clear whether RT is effective in improving bone strength in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who have a high risk of fracture. Therefore, we tested the effects of a 6-week RT regimen using percutaneous electrical stimulation in T2DM model rats, male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF), and its control, Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO).

The Effect of Ongoing Vitamin D and Low-Fat Milk Intake on Bone Metabolism in Female High-School Endurance Runners.

Background: Vitamin D and calcium are essential nutrients for bone health. In addition, vitamin D suppresses inflammatory cytokines and increases bone resorption. Therefore, improvements in bone health by calcium and vitamin D supplementation have the potential to not only improve calcium metabolism but also suppress inflammation associated with exercise training.

Comparison of Site-Specific Bone Mineral Densities between Endurance Runners and Sprinters in Adolescent Women.

We aimed to compare site-specific bone mineral densities (BMDs) between adolescent endurance runners and sprinters and examine the relationship of fat-free mass (FFM) and nutrient intake on BMD. In this cross-sectional study, 37 adolescent female endurance runners and sprinters (16.1 ± 0.