Construction of self-driving anti-αFR CAR-engineered NK cells based on IFN-γ and TNF-α synergistically induced high expression of CXCL10.

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecological tumor. Previous studies have demonstrated that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK-92 cells targeting folate receptor α (αFR) (NK-92-αFR-CAR) can specifically kill αFR-positive ovarian cancer cells. However, the migration barrier restricts antitumor effects of CAR-engineered cells.

Optimization of a static headspace GC-MS method and its application in metabolic fingerprinting of the leaf volatiles of 42 citrus cultivars.

Citrus leaves, which are a rich source of plant volatiles, have the beneficial attributes of rapid growth, large biomass, and availability throughout the year. Establishing the leaf volatile profiles of different citrus genotypes would make a valuable contribution to citrus species identification and chemotaxonomic studies. In this study, we developed an efficient and convenient static headspace (HS) sampling technique combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and optimized the extraction conditions (a 15-min incubation at 100 ˚C without the addition of salt).

Synergistic Effect of Cerium Oxide for Improving the Fire-Retardant, Mechanical and Ultraviolet-Blocking Properties of EVA/Magnesium Hydroxide Composites.

Rare earth oxide particles have received important attention in recent years, and due to the wide diversity of promising applications, the need for this kind of material is predicted to expand as the requirements to use the current resources become more demanding. In this work, cerium oxide (CeO) was introduced into ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/magnesium hydroxide (MDH) composites for enhancing the flame retardancy, mechanical properties and anti-ultraviolet aging performance. The target EVA/MDH/CeO composites were prepared by extrusion and injection molding, and the effects of the addition of the CeO were explored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimetry test, and anti-ultraviolet aging test.

METTL3/IGF2BP3 axis inhibits tumor immune surveillance by upregulating N-methyladenosine modification of PD-L1 mRNA in breast cancer.

Background: Continual expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells is critical for tumor immune escape and host T cell exhaustion, however, knowledge on its clinical benefits through inhibition is limited in breast cancer. N-methyladenosine (mA) plays a crucial role in multiple biological activities. Our study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of the mA modification in PD-L1 expression and immune surveillance in breast cancer.

Biogenesis, functions, and clinical implications of circular RNAs in non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major pathological type of LC and accounts for more than 80% of all cases. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with covalently closed-loop structures, a high abundance, and tissue-specific expression patterns.

Mechanisms of Action And Clinical Implications of MicroRNAs in the Drug Resistance of Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive systems worldwide, with high recurrence and mortality. Chemotherapy is still the standard treatment option for GC and can effectively improve the survival and life quality of GC patients. However, with the emergence of drug resistance, the clinical application of chemotherapeutic agents has been seriously restricted in GC patients.

Long non-coding RNAs: Biogenesis, functions, and clinical significance in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumor types and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Its morbidity and mortality are very high due to a lack of understanding about its pathogenesis and the slow development of novel therapeutic strategies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with a length of more than 200 nt.

TNF-α augments CXCL10/CXCR3 axis activity to induce Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in colon cancer cell.

Chronic inflammation-induced metastases have long been regarded as one of the significant obstacles in treating cancer. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a main inflammation mediator within tumor microenvironment, affects tumor development by inducing multiple chemokines to establish a complex network. Recent reports have revealed that CXCL10/CXCR3 axis affects cancer cells invasiveness and metastases, and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the main reason for frequent proliferation and distant organ metastases of colon cancer (CC) cells, However, it is unclear whether TNF-α- mediated chronic inflammation can synergically enhance EMT-mediated CC metastasis through promoting chemokine expression.

The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: From Regulated Mechanism to Therapeutic Targets and Diagnostic Biomarkers.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. AD is characterized by the production and aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, hyperphosphorylated tau proteins that form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and subsequent neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, autophagy and oxidative stress. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be used as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers due to their vital regulatory roles in multiple biological processes involved in disease development.

Corrigendum: MicroRNA-608 Promotes Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Treated With Doxorubicin Through the Inhibition of TFAP4.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.

Negative Bias During Early Attentional Engagement in Major Depressive Disorder as Examined Using a Two-Stage Model: High Sensitivity to Sad but Bluntness to Happy Cues.

Negative attentional bias has been well established in depression. However, there is very limited knowledge about whether this depression-relevant negative bias exits during initial attentional allocation, as compared with the converging evidence for the negative bias during sustained attention engagement. This study used both behavioral and electrophysiological measures to examine the initial attention engagement in depressed patients influenced by mood-congruent and mood-incongruent emotions.

HDAC2 inhibits EMT-mediated cancer metastasis by downregulating the long noncoding RNA H19 in colorectal cancer.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and epigenetic mechanisms promote metastasis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important epigenetic regulators. Here, we elucidated a novel role of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in regulating EMT and CRC metastasis via ncRNA.

Oxidative Stress in Cell Death and Cardiovascular Diseases.

ROS functions as a second messenger and modulates multiple signaling pathways under the physiological conditions. However, excessive intracellular ROS causes damage to the molecular components of the cell, which promotes the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are serious threats to human health with extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality.

MicroRNA-608 Promotes Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Treated With Doxorubicin Through the Inhibition of TFAP4.

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules of ∼20-25 nucleotides in length. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are a class of genetic variation in the human genome, which when present in miRNA genes are associated with the risk of developing cancer.

Parkin Regulates Programmed Necrosis and Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Targeting Cyclophilin-D.

Cardiomyocyte death critically contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiac disorders, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. As one of the main forms of cardiac cell death, necrosis plays a critical role in heart diseases. Multiple signaling pathways of necrosis have been demonstrated, in which death receptors, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein 1 and 3 kinases, and cyclophilin-D (CypD) have been deeply implicated.

Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in cancer therapy.

Ferroptosis is a newly defined programmed cell death process with the hallmark of the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides. The term was first coined in 2012 by the Stockwell Lab, who described a unique type of cell death induced by the small molecules erastin or RSL3. Ferroptosis is distinct from other already established programmed cell death and has unique morphological and bioenergetic features.

FOXK transcription factors: Regulation and critical role in cancer.

Growing evidence suggests that alterations of gene expression including expression and activities of transcription factors are closely associated with carcinogenesis. Forkhead Box Class K (FOXK) proteins, FOXK1 and FOXK2, are a family of evolutionarily conserved transcriptional factors, which have recently been recognized as key transcriptional regulators involved in many types of cancer. Members of the FOXK family mediate a wide spectrum of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle progression, DNA damage and tumorigenesis.

Foxo3a-dependent miR-633 regulates chemotherapeutic sensitivity in gastric cancer by targeting Fas-associated death domain.

The development of chemotherapeutic drugs resistance such as doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (DDP) is the major barrier in gastric cancer therapy. Emerging evidences reveal that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to chemosensitivity. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-633, an oncogenic miRNA, in gastric cancer chemoresistance.

ARC regulates programmed necrosis and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through the inhibition of mPTP opening.

Necrosis is a key factor in myocardial injury during cardiac pathological processes, such as myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and heart failure. Increasing evidence suggests that several aspects of necrosis are programmed and tightly regulated, so targeting the necrosis process has become a new trend for myocardial protection. Multiple cellular signaling pathways have been implicated in necrotic cell death, such as the death receptor-mediated extrinsic and mitochondrial intrinsic pathways.

Metformin induces apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cells and dampens their therapeutic efficacy in infarcted myocardium.

Background: Cardiovascular complications, especially myocardial infarctions (MIs), are the leading mortality cause in diabetic patients. The transplantation of stem cells into damaged hearts has had considerable success as a treatment for MI, although whether antidiabetic drugs affect the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell transplantation is still unknown. This study aims to understand whether and how metformin, one of the first-line drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (TDM), induces mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) apoptosis and dampens their cardioprotective effect after transplantation into infarcted hearts.

Acute Peritoneal Dialysis System for Neonates with Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy: A Case Series.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill neonates, and peritoneal dialysis (PD) can be a lifesaving option. In China, however, much of the equipment for PD in neonates is not available. We describe results with a novel system for PD, which has been developed locally to improve access to therapy and care for critically ill neonates requiring PD in China.

Critical role of FOXO3a in carcinogenesis.

FOXO3a is a member of the FOXO subfamily of forkhead transcription factors that mediate a variety of cellular processes including apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle progression, DNA damage and tumorigenesis. It also responds to several cellular stresses such as UV irradiation and oxidative stress. The function of FOXO3a is regulated by a complex network of processes, including post-transcriptional suppression by microRNAs (miRNAs), post-translational modifications (PTMs) and protein-protein interactions.

A Tumor-specific MicroRNA Recognition System Facilitates the Accurate Targeting to Tumor Cells by Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Targeted therapy for cancer is a research area of great interest, and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) show great potential as targeted carriers for therapeutics. One important class of cancer biomarkers is microRNAs (miRNAs), which play a significant role in tumor initiation and progression. In this study, a cascade recognition system containing multiple plasmids, including a Tet activator, a lacI repressor gene driven by the TetOn promoter, and a reporter gene repressed by the lacI repressor and influenced by multiple endogenous miRNAs, was used to recognize cells that display miRNA signals that are characteristic of cancer.

Microbubble-mediated ultrasound promotes accumulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell to the prostate for treating chronic bacterial prostatitis in rats.

Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is an intractable disease. Although bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are able to regulate inflammation in CBP, the effect of microbubble-mediated ultrasound- induced accumulation of BMMSCs on CBP remains unclear. To address this gap, a model of CBP was established in SD rats, which were then treated with BMMSCs alone (BMMSC group), BMMSCs with ultrasound (ultrasound group), BMMSCs with microbubble-mediated ultrasound (MMUS group) and compared with a healthy control group.