Altering Carotene Hydroxylase Activity of DcCYP97C1 Affects Carotenoid Flux and Changes Taproot Colour in Carrot.

CYP97C1 as a haem-containing cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (P450-type) is important for carotene hydroxylation and xanthophyll biosynthesis. Research about this type of hydroxylase was mainly reported in several model plant species which have no specialized tissues accumulating massive carotenoids. The function of CYP97C1 in the horticultural plant, like carrots, was not fully studied.

Generation of high purity capsanthin and capsorubin through synthetic metabolic engineering in carrot germplasm.

Capsanthin and capsorubin are red κ-xanthophylls exclusively found in a handful of other plant species. Currently, capsanthin and capsorubin are extracted from red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).

An anthocyanin activation gene underlies the purple central flower pigmentation in wild carrot.

Many organisms have complex pigmentation patterns. However, how these patterns are formed remains largely unknown. In wild carrot (Daucus carota subsp.

DcGST1, encoding a glutathione S-transferase activated by DcMYB7, is the main contributor to anthocyanin pigmentation in purple carrot.

The color of purple carrot taproots mainly depends on the anthocyanins sequestered in the vacuoles. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are key enzymes involved in anthocyanin transport. However, the precise mechanism of anthocyanin transport from the cytosolic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the vacuoles in carrots remains unclear.

Generating colorful carrot germplasm through metabolic engineering of betalains pigments.

Betalains are tyrosine-derived plant pigments exclusively found in the Caryophyllales order and some higher fungi and generally classified into two groups: red-violet betacyanins and yellow-orange betaxanthins. Betalains attract great scientific and economic interest because of their relatively simple biosynthesis pathway, attractive colors and health-promoting properties. Co-expressing two core genes and with or without a glycosyltransferase gene allowed the engineering of carrot (an important taproot vegetable) to produce a palette of unique colors.

A MYB activator, DcMYB11c, regulates carrot anthocyanins accumulation in petiole but not taproot.

The first domesticated carrots were thought to be purple carrots rich in anthocyanins. The anthocyanins biosynthesis in solid purple carrot taproot was regulated by DcMYB7 within P region containing a gene cluster of six DcMYBs. Here, we described a MYB gene within the same region, DcMYB11c, which was highly expressed in the purple pigmented petioles.

Differential hydroxylation efficiency of the two non-heme carotene hydroxylases: DcBCH1, rather than DcBCH2, plays a major role in carrot taproot.

Carotene hydroxylase plays an important role in catalyzing the hydroxylation of carotene to xanthopylls, including two types: non-heme carotene hydroxylase (BCH type) and heme-containing cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (P450 type). Two BCH-encoding genes were annotated in the carrot genome. However, the role of BCHs and whether there are functional interactions between the duplicated BCHs in carrot remains unclear.

encoding GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase from celery enhanced the accumulation of ascorbic acid and resistance to drought stress in .

Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an important nutrient in celery, the conversion of D-mannose-1-P to GDP-D-mannose catalyzed by GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMPase) represents the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AsA. To clarify the function of the gene of celery, the gene was cloned from celery cv. 'Jinnan Shiqin' .

Integrative genome, transcriptome, microRNA, and degradome analysis of water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) in response to water stress.

Water dropwort (Liyang Baiqin, Oenanthe javanica (BI.) DC.) is an aquatic perennial plant from the Apiaceae family with abundant protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

AgZDS, a gene encoding ζ-carotene desaturase, increases lutein and β-carotene contents in transgenic Arabidopsis and celery.

ζ-Carotene desaturase (ZDS) is one of the key enzymes regulating carotenoids biosynthesis and accumulation. Celery transgenic efficiency is low and it is difficult to obtain transgenic plants. The study on ZDS was limited in celery.

AgMYB12, a novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor, regulates apigenin biosynthesis by interacting with the AgFNS gene in celery.

Overexpression of AgMYB12 in celery improved the accumulation of apigenin by interacting with the AgFNS gene. Celery is a common vegetable, and its essential characteristic is medicine food homology. A natural flavonoid and a major pharmacological component in celery, apigenin plays an important role in human health.

DcCCD4 catalyzes the degradation of α-carotene and β-carotene to affect carotenoid accumulation and taproot color in carrot.

Carotenoids are important natural pigments that give bright colors to plants. The difference in the accumulation of carotenoids is one of the key factors in the formation of various colors in carrot taproots. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), including CCD and 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, are the main enzymes involved in the cleavage of carotenoids in plants.

The Accumulation of Lutein and β-Carotene and Transcript Profiling of Genes Related to Carotenoids Biosynthesis in Yellow Celery.

Carotenoids are the general term of natural pigments. The formation of plant color is probably related to the components of carotenoids. As the yellow variety of celery, it is rich in the composition and content of carotenoids.

Exogenous melatonin positively regulates lignin biosynthesis in Camellia sinensis.

Melatonin (MT) is a bioactive molecule that can regulate various developmental processes. Changes in lignin content play important roles in plant growth and development. Herein, quantitative analysis and histochemical staining showed that lignin content significantly increased over time, and melatonin treatment triggered the lignification at 8 and 16 d in tea leaves.

The gene encoding lycopene epsilon cyclase of celery enhanced lutein and β-carotene contents and confers increased salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a leafy vegetable of Apiaceae, which is greatly popular because of its rich nutrients. Lutein and β-carotene are two important carotenoids.

A celery transcriptional repressor AgERF8 negatively modulates abscisic acid and salt tolerance.

Ethylene response factors (ERFs) widely exist in plants and have been reported to be an important regulator of plant abiotic stress. Celery, a common economic vegetable of Apiaceae, contains lots of ERF transcription factors (TFs) with various functions. AP2/ERF TFs play positive or negative roles in plant growth and stress response.

AgNAC1, a celery transcription factor, related to regulation on lignin biosynthesis and salt tolerance.

The NAC transcription factor participates in various biotic and abiotic stress responses and plays a critical role in plant development. Lignin is a water-insoluble dietary fiber, but it is second only to cellulose in abundance. Celery is the main source of dietary fiber, but its quality and production are limited by various abiotic stresses.

Advances in AP2/ERF super-family transcription factors in plant.

In the whole life process, many factors including external and internal factors affect plant growth and development. The morphogenesis, growth, and development of plants are controlled by genetic elements and are influenced by environmental stress. Transcription factors contain one or more specific DNA-binding domains, which are essential in the whole life cycle of higher plants.

NAC Family Transcription Factors in Carrot: Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis and Responses to Abiotic Stresses.

Carrot is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant of the Apiaceae family. Carrot is an important vegetable, and its fresh taproot, which contains rich nutrients, is the main edible part. In the life cycle of carrot, NAC family transcription factors (TFs) are involved in almost all physiological processes.

Genome-wide analysis of NAC transcription factors and their response to abiotic stress in celery (Apium graveolens L.).

In plants, NAC (NAM, ATAF, CUC) is a class of transcription factors (TFs) involved in growth regulation and is associated with abiotic stress, morphogenesis, and metabolism. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is an important leafy vegetable and its yield and quality are considerably influenced by environmental factors.

Isolation, purification and characterization of an ascorbate peroxidase from celery and overexpression of the AgAPX1 gene enhanced ascorbate content and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Background: Celery is a widely cultivated vegetable abundant in ascorbate (AsA), a natural plant antioxidant capable of scavenging free radicals generated by abiotic stress in plants. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a plant antioxidant enzyme that is important in the synthesis of AsA and scavenging of excess hydrogen peroxide. However, the characteristics and functions of APX in celery remain unclear to date.

Selection of appropriate reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis under abiotic stress and hormone treatment in celery.

Celery is one of the most important vegetable crop and its yield and quality is influenced by many environmental factors. Researches on gene expression not only help to unravel the molecular regulatory mechanism but also identify the key genes in the biological response. RT-qPCR is a commonly used technology to quantify the gene expression.

Genomic identification of AP2/ERF transcription factors and functional characterization of two cold resistance-related AP2/ERF genes in celery (Apium graveolens L.).

This study analyzed the AP2/ERF transcription factors in celery and showed that two dehydration-responsive-element-binding (DREB) transcription factors, AgDREB1 and AgDREB2, contribute to the enhanced resistance to abiotic stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. The AP2/ERF family is a large family of transcription factors (TFs) in higher plants that plays a central role in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stress. Here, 209 AP2/ERF family members were identified in celery based on genomic and transcriptomic data.